Mu myaka ya vuba aha, gusukura hakoreshejwe laser byabaye kimwe mu bintu by’ingenzi mu bushakashatsi mu bijyanye n’inganda, ubushakashatsi bukubiyemo inzira, inyigisho, ibikoresho n’ikoreshwa ryabyo. Mu nganda, ikoranabuhanga ryo gusukura hakoreshejwe laser ryashoboye gusukura neza ubuso bwinshi butandukanye bw’ubutaka, gusukura ibintu birimo icyuma, aluminiyumu, titaniyumu, ikirahure n’ibikoresho bivanze, nibindi, inganda zikoresha indege, indege, ubwikorezi, gari ya moshi yihuta cyane, imodoka, ibumba, ingufu za kirimbuzi n’amazi yo mu mazi n’ibindi.
Ikoranabuhanga ryo gusukura hakoreshejwe laser, ryo mu myaka ya za 1960, rifite ibyiza byo gusukura neza, gukoresha ibintu byinshi bitandukanye, gukoresha neza cyane, kudakora ku buryo bufatika no kuboneka neza. Mu nganda, mu nganda no mu kubungabunga, n'ahandi hantu hari uburyo bwinshi bwo gukoresha, byitezwe ko bizasimbura igice cyangwa burundu uburyo gakondo bwo gusukura, kandi bikaba ikoranabuhanga ryiza cyane ryo gusukura ibidukikije mu kinyejana cya 21.
Uburyo bwo gusukura hakoreshejwe laser
Uburyo bwo gusukura hakoreshejwe laser buragoye cyane, bukubiyemo uburyo butandukanye bwo gukuraho ibikoresho, ku buryo bwo gusukura hakoreshejwe laser, uburyo bwo gusukura bushobora kubaho icyarimwe uburyo butandukanye, buterwa ahanini n'imikoranire hagati ya laser n'ibikoresho, harimo gukuraho ubuso bw'ibikoresho, kubora, gushyiramo ionization, kwangirika, gushonga, gutwika, guhumeka, guhindagura, kwaguka, gushonga, guturika, gukurura, gushonga n'izindi mpinduka mu buryo bw'umubiri no mu buryo bwa shimi.
Ubu, uburyo busanzwe bwo gusukura hakoreshejwe laser ni butatu ahanini: gusukura hakoreshejwe laser, gusukura hakoreshejwe laser hifashishijwe filime y'amazi n'uburyo bwo gusukura hakoreshejwe laser shock wave.
Uburyo bwo gusukura hakoreshejwe laser
Uburyo bw'ingenzi bwo gukoresha ni ukwagura ubushyuhe, guhumeka, gukuraho umwuka no guturika mu buryo butunguranye. Laser ikora ku bikoresho bigomba gukurwa ku buso bw'ubutaka kandi imiterere y'ikirere ishobora kuba umwuka, umwuka udasanzwe cyangwa umwuka uvamo umwuka. Imiterere y'imikorere ni yoroshye kandi ikoreshwa cyane mu gukuraho ubwoko butandukanye bw'amabara, amarangi, uduce duto cyangwa umwanda. Ishusho iri hepfo igaragaza igishushanyo mbonera cy'uburyo bwo gusukura hakoreshejwe laser.
Iyo imirasire ya laser ku buso bw'ibikoresho, substrate n'ibikoresho byo gusukura ari byo bya mbere bikura ubushyuhe. Iyo igihe cyo gukorana na laser n'ibikoresho byo gusukura kiyoyotse, iyo ubushyuhe buri hasi y'urugero rw'ibikoresho byo gusukura, uburyo bwo guhindura imiterere y'ibikoresho byo gusukura gusa, itandukaniro riri hagati y'ibikoresho byo gusukura n'uburyo bwo gukuraho ubushyuhe bwa substrate rituma habaho igitutu ku gice cyo hagati, ibikoresho byo gusukura bikagenda bicika, bikava ku buso bw'icyuma, bikameneka, bikavunika, bikavunika, bikavunika, n'ibindi, ibikoresho byo gusukura bikurwaho hakoreshejwe indege cyangwa bikavanwaho ubuso bw'icyuma.
Iyo ubushyuhe buri hejuru y’ubushyuhe bw’ibikoresho byo gusukura, hazabaho ibintu bibiri: 1) ingano y’ibikoresho byo gusukura ni ntoya ugereranyije n’aho ibintu bisukura biherereye; 2) ingano y’ibikoresho byo gusukura ni nini ugereranyije n’aho ibintu bisukura biherereye.
Ibi bintu bibiri byo gusukura ni ugushonga, gushonga no gukuraho umwuka n'izindi mpinduka za fizikiki, uburyo bwo gusukura buragoye cyane, uretse ingaruka z'ubushyuhe, ariko nanone bushobora kuba burimo ibikoresho byo gusukura n'ibice biri hagati yo kwangirika kw'imigozi ya molekile, gusenyuka cyangwa kwangirika kw'ibikoresho byo gusukura, guturika kw'igice, gukwirakwiza umwuka mu bikoresho byo gusukura, ioni y'umwuka ako kanya, ikorwa rya plasma.
(1)Gusukura hakoreshejwe icyuma gikozwe muri laser
Uburyo bw'ubu buryo ahanini bufite uburyo bwo gushyushya no guhindagura amazi hakoreshejwe icyuma gishyushya n'ibindi. Gukoresha uburyo bwo guhitamo uburebure bw'umurambararo wa laser bukwiye, mu buryo bwo kwishyura ibura ry'umuvuduko w'ingaruka mu gikorwa cyo gusukura laser, bishobora gukoreshwa mu gukuraho bimwe mu bintu bigoye gukuraho isuku.
Nkuko bigaragara ku ishusho iri hepfo, agace k'amazi (amazi, etanoli cyangwa ibindi bintu bivamo amazi) gapfukirana hejuru y'ikintu gisukurwa, hanyuma gakoresha laser kugira ngo kagishyushye. Agace k'amazi gafata ingufu za laser bigatuma habaho guturika gukomeye kw'amazi, guturika kw'amazi abira mu buryo bwihuse, kwimura ingufu mu bikoresho bisukura hejuru, imbaraga nyinshi ziturika mu gihe gito zihagije kugira ngo umwanda wo hejuru ugerweho mu gikorwa cyo gusukura.
Uburyo bwo gusukura hakoreshejwe laser bukoresha filime y'amazi bufite ingaruka mbi ebyiri.
Inzira igoye kandi iragoye kugenzura iyo nzira.
Bitewe no gukoresha agapira k'amazi, imiterere y'ibinyabutabire ku buso bw'ubutaka nyuma yo gusukura biroroshye guhindura no kubyara ibintu bishya.
(1)Uburyo bwo gusukura ubwoko bwa laser shock wave
Uburyo bwo gukora ibintu bitandukanye cyane n’uburyo bubiri bwa mbere, uburyo bwo gukora ibintu bugizwe ahanini no gukuraho imbaraga z’umuraba ushyushye, ibintu bisukura ahanini ni uduce duto, ahanini ni ukuvanaho uduce duto (sub-micron cyangwa nanoscale). Ibisabwa mu gukora ibintu ni bikomeye cyane, haba kugira ngo habeho ubushobozi bwo gushyira umwuka mu kirere, ariko kandi habeho intera ikwiye hagati ya laser na substrate kugira ngo harebwe ko ibikorwa ku duce duto tw’imbaraga z’ingufu ari binini bihagije.
Imbonerahamwe y'icyitegererezo cy'uburyo bwo gusukura umuraba wa laser iragaragara hepfo, laser ijyanye n'icyerekezo cy'ubuso bw'umuraba, kandi substrate ntikorane. Hindura agakoresho cyangwa umutwe wa laser kugira ngo uhindure aho laser iherereye ku gace kari hafi y'aho laser isohoka, aho umwuka uturuka hazabaho ikintu cy'ingenzi cya ionization y'umwuka, bigatuma habaho imiraba ya shock, imiraba ya shock kugeza ku kwaguka vuba kw'umuraba, kandi ikaguka ikagera ku gace. Iyo igihe cy'igice cy'umuraba wa shock ku gace kirenze igihe cy'igice cy'uburebure n'imbaraga zo gufatana kw'agace, agace kazakurwaho hifashishijwe uruziga.
Ikoranabuhanga ryo gusukura hakoreshejwe laser
Uburyo bwo gusukura hakoreshejwe laser bushingiye ahanini ku buso bw'ikintu nyuma yo kwinjiza ingufu za laser, cyangwa guhumeka no guhinduka, cyangwa kwaguka kw'ubushyuhe ako kanya kugira ngo harengerwe ukwinjira kw'uduce ku buso, kugira ngo ikintu kive ku buso, hanyuma kigere ku ntego yo gusukura.
Muri make, ibi bikurikira: 1. Gusenyuka k'umwuka wa laser, 2. Gukuraho laser, 3. Kwaguka kw'ubushyuhe bw'uduce tw'imyanda, 4. Gutembagara kw'ubuso bw'ubutaka n'ihindagurika ry'uduce ibintu bine
Ugereranyije n'uburyo bwo gusukura busanzwe, ikoranabuhanga ryo gusukura hakoreshejwe laser rifite ibi bikurikira.
1. Ni isuku "yumutse", nta gikoresho cyo gusukura cyangwa ibindi bikoresho bya shimi, kandi isuku iri hejuru cyane kuruta isuku ya shimi.
2. Uburyo bwo gukuraho umwanda n'uburyo bukoreshwa mu gukuraho ubutaka ni bwinshi cyane, kandi
3. Binyuze mu kugenzura ibipimo bya laser, ntibishobora kwangiza ubuso bw'ubutaka bushingiye ku gukuraho neza imyanda, kandi ubuso bumeze neza nk'ubushya.
4. Gusukura hakoreshejwe laser bishobora gukorwa mu buryo bworoshye.
5. Ibikoresho byo gukuraho umwanda hakoreshejwe laser bishobora gukoreshwa igihe kirekire, kandi ikiguzi cyo gukora ni gito.
6. Ikoranabuhanga ryo gusukura hakoreshejwe laser ni: icyatsi kibisi: isuku, gukuraho imyanda ni ifu ikomeye, nto, byoroshye kubika, muri rusange ntibizahumanya ibidukikije.
Mu myaka ya 1980, iterambere ryihuse ry’inganda za semiconductor ku buso bw’uduce twa silicon wafer mask twandujwe n’ikoranabuhanga ryo gusukura ryashyize imbere ibisabwa byinshi, ingingo y’ingenzi ni ukurwanya ubwandu bw’uduce duto n’igice kiri hagati y’imbaraga zikomeye zo kuvoma, isuku gakondo ya shimi, isuku ya mashini, uburyo bwo gusukura hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga rya ultrasonic ntibishobora guhaza icyifuzo, kandi isuku ya laser ishobora gukemura ibibazo nk’ibyo by’umwanda, ubushakashatsi n’ikoreshwa bifitanye isano byatejwe imbere vuba.
Mu 1987, hagaragaye bwa mbere ikoreshwa ry’ipatanti ku isuku ya laser. Mu myaka ya 1990, Zapka yakoresheje neza ikoranabuhanga ryo gusukura laser mu buryo bwo gukora semiconductor kugira ngo akureho utuntu duto ku buso bwa mask, bituma hakoreshwa ikoranabuhanga ryo gusukura laser mu nganda. Mu 1995, abashakashatsi bakoresheje laser ya 2 kW TEA-CO2 kugira ngo bagere ku isuku yo gukuraho irangi ry’indege.
Nyuma yo kwinjira mu kinyejana cya 21, hamwe n’iterambere ryihuse rya lasers ngufi cyane, ubushakashatsi bwo mu gihugu no mu mahanga n’ikoreshwa ry’ikoranabuhanga ryo gusukura laser byagiye byiyongera buhoro buhoro, byibanda ku buso bw’ibikoresho by’icyuma, ibikorwa bisanzwe byo mu mahanga ni ugukuraho irangi ry’indege, gukuraho amavuta ku buso bw’ibihumyo, gukuraho karubone imbere muri moteri no gusukura impande mbere yo gusudira. Ikigo cya Amerika cya Edison Welding Institute gisukura indege y’intambara ya FG16 hakoreshejwe laser, iyo imbaraga za laser za 1 kW, ingano yo gusukura ya 2.36 cm3 ku munota.
Ni ngombwa kuvuga ko ubushakashatsi n'ikoreshwa ry'irangi rya laser ku bice bigezweho by'ibice nabyo ari ahantu hakomeye. Ibyuma bya kajugujugu bya US Navy HG53, HG56 hamwe n'umurizo w'indege y'intambara ya F16 hamwe n'ibindi bice by'ibice byakoreshejwe byakoreshejwe mu gukuraho irangi rya laser, mu gihe ibikoresho by'Ubushinwa mu ndege byatinze gukoreshwa, bityo ubushakashatsi nk'ubwo buri mu mwanya utari uhari.
Byongeye kandi, gukoresha ikoranabuhanga ryo gusukura hakoreshejwe laser mu gutunganya ubuso bw'ingingo mbere yo kuyitera kole kugira ngo yongere imbaraga z'ingingo nabyo ni kimwe mu bushakashatsi buriho ubu. Hindura ikigo cya laser ku murongo ukorerwa imodoka za Audi TT kugira ngo gitange ibikoresho byo gusukura fibre laser kugira ngo gisukure ubuso bw'ifiriti yoroheje ya aluminiyumu ikoze mu mfuruka ya oxide. Rolls G Royce UK yakoresheje laser cleansing mu gusukura firiti ya oxide ku buso bw'ibice bya titanium aero-moteri.
Ikoranabuhanga ryo gusukura hakoreshejwe laser ryateye imbere cyane mu myaka ibiri ishize, byaba ari ibipimo byo gusukura hakoreshejwe laser n'uburyo bwo gusukura, ubushakashatsi ku bintu byo gusukura cyangwa ikoreshwa ry'ubushakashatsi byateye imbere cyane. Ikoranabuhanga ryo gusukura hakoreshejwe laser nyuma y'ubushakashatsi bwinshi bw'inyigisho, ubushakashatsi bwaryo bwibanda ku ikoreshwa ry'ubushakashatsi, no mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'ibisubizo bitanga icyizere. Mu gihe kizaza, ikoranabuhanga ryo gusukura hakoreshejwe laser mu kurinda ibisigazwa by'umuco n'ibihangano by'ubuhanzi rizakoreshwa cyane, kandi isoko ryaryo ni rinini cyane. Hamwe n'iterambere rya siyansi n'ikoranabuhanga, ikoreshwa ry'ikoranabuhanga ryo gusukura hakoreshejwe laser mu nganda ririmo kuba impamo, kandi urwego rw'ikoreshwa rurimo kwiyongera.
Isosiyete ya Maven yibanda ku nganda za laser mu gihe cy'imyaka 14, twibanda ku gushyira ibimenyetso kuri laser, dufite imashini isukura kabati ka laser, imashini isukura trolley case laser, imashini isukura icyuma gitwara abagenzi mu mugongo na laser eshatu muri imwe, byongeye kandi, dufite imashini isudira laser, imashini ikata laser na laser, niba ushishikajwe na imashini yacu, ushobora kudukurikira no kutwandikira.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-14-2022
