Mu myaka yashize, isuku ya lazeri yabaye imwe mu masoko y’ubushakashatsi mu bijyanye n’inganda zikora inganda, ubushakashatsi bukubiyemo inzira, inyigisho, ibikoresho n’ibikorwa.Mu nganda zikoreshwa mu nganda, tekinoroji yo gusukura lazeri yashoboye kweza byimazeyo umubare munini wubutaka butandukanye, gusukura ibintu birimo ibyuma, aluminium, titanium, ibirahuri hamwe nibikoresho byinshi, nibindi, inganda zikoreshwa zirimo ikirere, indege, ubwikorezi, umuvuduko mwinshi gari ya moshi, ibinyabiziga, ibumba, ingufu za kirimbuzi na marine nizindi nzego.
Tekinoroji yo gusukura Laser, guhera mu myaka ya za 1960, ifite ibyiza byo gukora isuku nziza, ibintu byinshi, ibisabwa cyane, kutabonana no kuboneka.Mu nganda zikora inganda, umusaruro no kubungabunga hamwe nizindi nzego zifite uburyo butandukanye bwo gukoresha, biteganijwe ko izasimbuza igice cyangwa burundu uburyo gakondo bwo gukora isuku, kandi ikazaba ikoranabuhanga ryiza cyane ryogusukura icyatsi mu kinyejana cya 21.
Uburyo bwo gusukura Laser
Igikorwa cyo gusukura lazeri kiragoye cyane, kirimo uburyo butandukanye bwo kuvanaho ibikoresho, kuburyo bwogusukura lazeri, inzira yisuku irashobora kubaho icyarimwe uburyo butandukanye, buterwa ahanini nubusabane hagati ya lazeri nibikoresho, harimo gukuraho ibintu hejuru, kubora, ionisiyoneri, gutesha agaciro, gushonga, gutwikwa, guhumeka, kunyeganyega, guhindagurika, kwaguka, kugabanuka, guturika, gukuramo, kumeneka nizindi mpinduka zumubiri nubumara.inzira.
Kugeza ubu, uburyo busanzwe bwo gusukura lazeri ni butatu: gusukura lazeri, gusukura firime ifashwa na lazeri hamwe nuburyo bwo koza laser.
Uburyo bwo gukuraho lazeri
Uburyo nyamukuru bwuburyo bukoreshwa ni kwagura ubushyuhe, guhumeka, gukuraho no guturika.Lazeri ikora neza kubintu bigomba gukurwa hejuru yubutaka bwa substrate kandi ibidukikije bishobora kuba umwuka, gaze gake cyangwa vacuum.Imiterere yimikorere iroroshye kandi ikoreshwa cyane mugukuraho ibintu bitandukanye, amarangi, ibice cyangwa umwanda.Igishushanyo gikurikira kirerekana igishushanyo mbonera cyuburyo bwo koza laser.
Iyo imirasire ya lazeri hejuru yibikoresho, substrate nibikoresho byogusukura nibyo byambere byo kwagura ubushyuhe.Hamwe no kwiyongera kwigihe cya laser hamwe nibikoresho byogusukura, niba ubushyuhe buri munsi yumubare wibikoresho byogusukura, ibikoresho byogusukura gusa inzira yo guhindura umubiri gusa, itandukaniro riri hagati yibikoresho byogusukura hamwe na coefficient ya substrate yo kwagura ubushyuhe biganisha kumuvuduko kuri interineti , ibikoresho byogusukura bitsindagira, gutanyagura hejuru yubutaka, guturika, kuvunika imashini, kumenagura vibrasiya, nibindi, ibikoresho byogusukura bivanwa nindege cyangwa kwamburwa hejuru yubutaka.
Niba ubushyuhe buri hejuru yubushyuhe bwa gazi yubushyuhe bwibikoresho byogusukura, hazabaho ibihe bibiri: 1) igipimo cyo gukuraho ibikoresho byogusukura kiri munsi ya substrate;2) igipimo cyo gukuraho ibikoresho byogusukura kiruta substrate.
Ibi bihe byombi byibikoresho byogusukura birashonga, cavitation na ablation nizindi mpinduka za fiziki-chimique, uburyo bwo gukora isuku buragoye, usibye ingaruka zubushyuhe, ariko kandi bushobora no kubamo ibikoresho byogusukura hamwe nubutaka hagati yo kumeneka kwa molekile, ibikoresho byogusenyuka cyangwa kwangirika, icyiciro guturika, ibikoresho byogusukura gazisation ako kanya ionisation, kubyara plasma.
(1)Filime y'amazi yafashaga gusukura laser
Uburyo bukoreshwa cyane cyane bufite firime ya firime itetse ibyuka hamwe no kunyeganyega, nibindi .. Gukoresha ibikenewe kugirango uhitemo uburebure bwa lazeri ikwiye, muburyo bwo gukemura ikibazo cyo kubura imbaraga zingaruka mubikorwa byo gusukura lazeri, birashobora gukoreshwa mugukuraho bimwe bigoye gukuramo ikintu cyogusukura.
Nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo gikurikira, firime yamazi (amazi, Ethanol cyangwa andi mazi) yabanje gutwikirwa hejuru yikintu gisukura, hanyuma ukoreshe lazeri kugirango uyirase.Filime y'amazi ikurura ingufu za lazeri bikaviramo guturika gukomeye kwibitangazamakuru byamazi, guturika kwamazi yatetse yihuta cyane, guhererekanya ingufu mubikoresho byogusukura hejuru, imbaraga ziturika zigihe gito zirahagije kugirango ukureho umwanda wubutaka kugirango ugere kubikorwa byogusukura.
Amazi ya firime afashwa na laser yo gusukura afite ibibi bibiri.
Inzira itoroshye kandi iragoye kugenzura inzira.
Bitewe no gukoresha firime yamazi, imiti yimiterere yubutaka nyuma yo gukora isuku biroroshye guhinduka no kubyara ibintu bishya.
(1)Uburyo bwo gukora isuku ya Laser
Uburyo nuburyo bukoreshwa biratandukanye cyane na bibiri bya mbere, uburyo bukoreshwa cyane cyane kuvanaho imbaraga zo gukuraho imbaraga, ibintu byogusukura nibintu ahanini, ni ugukuraho ibice (sub-micron cyangwa nanoscale).Ibikorwa bisabwa birakomeye cyane, byombi kugirango harebwe niba ubushobozi bwo guhumeka ikirere, ariko kandi no gukomeza intera ikwiye hagati ya laser na substrate kugirango harebwe ko ibikorwa ku bice byingufu zingaruka ari binini bihagije.
Igishushanyo mbonera cya Laser yogusukura igishushanyo mbonera cyerekanwe hepfo, lazeri kugirango ibangikanye nicyerekezo cyubutaka bwa substrate, kandi substrate ntabwo ihura.Himura igihangano cyangwa umutwe wa lazeri kugirango uhindure icyerekezo cya lazeri kugice cyegereye ibisohoka hafi ya laser, ingingo yibanze yibintu byo mu kirere bizabaho, bikavamo guhungabana, guhinda umushyitsi kwaguka byihuse kwaguka, kandi bikagurwa no kuvugana hamwe nuduce.Mugihe umwanya wo guhinduranya ibice byikubitiro hejuru yikintu kirenze umwanya wibice birebire hamwe ningufu zifatika, ibice bizakurwaho no kuzunguruka.
Ikoranabuhanga rya Laser
Uburyo bwo gusukura lazeri bushingiye cyane cyane hejuru yikintu nyuma yo kwinjiza ingufu za lazeri, cyangwa guhumeka no guhindagurika, cyangwa kwaguka ako kanya ubushyuhe kugirango batsinde adsorption yibice hejuru, kugirango ikintu kive hejuru, hanyuma kigere kuri intego yo gukora isuku.
Muri make muri make nka: 1. kubora imyuka ya laser, 2. kwambura lazeri, 3. kwagura ubushyuhe bwimyanda yumwanda, 4. kunyeganyega hejuru yubutaka hamwe no kunyeganyega ibice bine
Ugereranije nuburyo busanzwe bwo gukora isuku, tekinoroji yoza laser ifite ibintu bikurikira.
1.Ni isuku "yumye", nta gisubizo cyogusukura cyangwa ibindi bisubizo byimiti, kandi isuku irarenze cyane uburyo bwo gukora imiti.
2. Ingano yo gukuraho umwanda hamwe na substrate ikoreshwa ni nini cyane, kandi
3. Binyuze mu kugenzura ibipimo bya laser, ntibishobora kwangiza ubuso bwa substrate hashingiwe ku gukuraho neza umwanda, ni ubuso bwiza nkibishya.
4. Gusukura lazeri birashobora kuba byoroshye gukora.
5. Ibikoresho byo kwanduza lazeri birashobora gukoreshwa igihe kirekire, amafaranga make yo gukora.
6. Tekinoroji yo gusukura Laser ni a: icyatsi: inzira yo gukora isuku, kurandura imyanda ni ifu ikomeye, ubunini buto, byoroshye kubika, mubyukuri ntibizanduza ibidukikije.
Mu myaka ya za 1980, iterambere ryihuse ryinganda za semiconductor hejuru yubutaka bwa silicon wafer mask yanduza ibice byikoranabuhanga ryogusukura byashyize ahagaragara ibisabwa hejuru, ingingo yingenzi ni ugutsinda kwanduza mikorobe na substrate hagati yingufu zikomeye za adsorption , gusukura imiti gakondo, gusukura imashini, uburyo bwo gukora ultrasonic ntibishobora guhaza ibyifuzo, kandi isuku ya lazeri irashobora gukemura ibibazo nkibi byanduye, ubushakashatsi bujyanye nibisabwa byatejwe imbere byihuse.
Mu 1987, isura ya mbere yo gusaba ipatanti ku isuku ya laser.Mu myaka ya za 90, Zapka yakoresheje neza tekinoroji yo gusukura lazeri mugikorwa cyo gukora semiconductor kugirango ikureho uduce duto duto hejuru ya mask, amenya ko hakoreshwa hakiri kare tekinoroji yo koza lazeri mu nganda.1995, abashakashatsi bifashishije lazeri 2 kW TEA-CO2 kugirango bagere ku isuku yo gukuraho irangi rya fuselage.
Nyuma yo kwinjira mu kinyejana cya 21, hamwe niterambere ryihuse rya lazeri ultra-short pulse lazeri, ubushakashatsi bwimbere mu gihugu ndetse n’amahanga no gukoresha ikoranabuhanga ryogusukura lazeri ryagiye ryiyongera buhoro buhoro, ryibanda ku buso bwibikoresho byicyuma, mubisanzwe abanyamahanga ni ugukuraho irangi rya fuselage, kubumba kugabanuka kwubutaka, moteri yo gukuramo karubone imbere no gusukura hejuru yingingo mbere yo gusudira.Ikigo cya Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika Edison Welding Institute gisukura laser yindege ya FG16, mugihe ingufu za lazeri zingana na 1 kW, isuku ya cm 2,36 kumunota.
Twabibutsa ko ubushakashatsi nogukoresha lazeri yo gukuraho ibice byateye imbere nabyo ni ahantu hashyushye.Indege za kajugujugu zo muri Amerika Navy HG53, HG56 hamwe n’umurizo uringaniye w’indege ya F16 hamwe n’ibindi bice byose byahujwe byagaragaye ko byakuweho amarangi ya lazeri, mu gihe ibikoresho by’Ubushinwa bikoreshwa mu gukoresha indege bitinze, bityo ubushakashatsi nk'ubwo bukaba buri mu busa.
Byongeye kandi, gukoresha tekinoroji yo gusukura lazeri kuri CFRP ivura hejuru yubutaka mbere yo gufatira hamwe kugirango imbaraga zingingo nazo nimwe mubyibandwaho mubushakashatsi.guhuza sosiyete ya laser kumurongo wo gukora imodoka ya TT TT kugirango itange ibikoresho byoza fibre laser kugirango isukure hejuru yumucyo woroshye wa aluminium alloy urugi rugizwe na firime oxyde.Rolls G Royce UK yakoresheje isuku ya laser kugirango isukure firime ya oxyde hejuru ya titanium aero-moteri.
Tekinoroji yo gusukura Laser yateye imbere byihuse mumyaka ibiri ishize, yaba ibipimo byogusukura laser nuburyo bwo gukora isuku, ubushakashatsi bwibintu cyangwa gukoresha ubushakashatsi byateye imbere cyane.Ikoreshwa rya tekinoroji ya Laser nyuma yubushakashatsi bwinshi bwibanze, intego yubushakashatsi bwayo ihora ibogamye mugukoresha ubushakashatsi, no mugukoresha ibisubizo bitanga icyizere.Mu bihe biri imbere, tekinoroji yo gusukura laser mu kurinda ibisigisigi by’umuco n’ibikorwa by’ubukorikori bizakoreshwa cyane, kandi isoko ryayo ni ryagutse cyane.Hamwe niterambere ryubumenyi nikoranabuhanga, ikoreshwa rya tekinoroji yoza isuku mu nganda riraba impamo, kandi uburyo bwo kuyikoresha buragenda bwaguka.
Isosiyete ikora ibyuma bya Maven laser yibanda ku nganda za laser mu myaka 14, tuzobereye mu kwerekana ibimenyetso bya laser, dufite imashini isukura imashini ya lazeri, imashini isukura trolley, imashini isukura lazeri na mashini imwe yo gusukura lazeri, byongeye, natwe dufite imashini yo gusudira ya laser, imashini ikata laser hamwe nimashini ishushanya laser, niba ushimishijwe nimashini yacu, urashobora kudukurikira kandi ukumva udashaka kutwandikira.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-14-2022
