Imashini ikata imitako hakoreshejwe laser: Iyobora mu guhindura inganda no gutangiza ibihe bishya by'inganda zigezweho
Imashini ikata imitako hakoreshejwe laser: Iyobora mu guhindura inganda no gutangiza ibihe bishya by'inganda zigezweho
Mu nganda z'imitako, aho gushaka ubukorikori buhanitse no gushushanya ibintu byihariye ari byo biganza, udushya mu ikoranabuhanga turimo kwiyongera. Muri iki gihe, udushya twinshi cyaneimashini ikata imitako hakoreshejwe laseryavutse, izana impinduka zidasanzwe mu nganda zose kandi yongera burundu amategeko agenga imitako.
Iyi mashini igezweho yo gukata imitako ya laser yabaye igikoresho cy'ingenzi ku bahanga mu by'imitako, bitewe n'uburyo ikora neza cyane. Ishobora kugera ku buryo butangaje bwo gushyiramo ibintu byoroshye nka ± 0.01mm, bivuze ko iyo ukata ibintu byoroshye nk'imikufi y'umukufi muto n'inkingi nto zo gushyiraho amabuye y'agaciro, ishobora kwemeza ingano nyayo nta guhindagurika. Ibi byongera cyane ubwiza n'ubuhanga bw'imitako, bigatuma buri gice kiba nta makemwa nk'ubuhanzi.
Ugereranyije n'uburyo busanzwe bwo gukata imitako, imashini ikata imitako hakoreshejwe laser igaragaza ibyiza bidasanzwe mu gukata imiterere n'imiterere bigoye. Binyuze muri porogaramu za elegitoroniki, ishobora gusobanura byoroshye ibitekerezo bikomeye kandi by'ubuhanga by'abashushanya - byaba imiterere myiza ya lace cyangwa imiterere yihariye ya geometrike, byose bishobora gukatwa neza kandi bigashyirwa ahagaragara neza. Uru rwego rwo hejuru rworoshye kandi rufite ubuziranenge ntirutanga gusa umwanya munini wo guhanga udushya wo guhindura ibitekerezo byabo bishimishije mu ngiro ahubwo runatuma gukora imitako yihariye birushaho kuba byiza kandi byoroshye, bihaza icyifuzo gikomeye cy'abaguzi cyo kubona imitako idasanzwe.
Kunoza imikorere myiza ni ikindi kintu cy’ingenzi muri ibi bikoresho. Mu bucuruzi bwa none bwihuse, igihe kingana n’amafaranga. Kubera umuvuduko wayo wo gukata vuba, imashini ikata imitako ya laser igabanya cyane uruziga rw’umusaruro. Imirimo yo gukata yafataga amasaha cyangwa iminsi ubu ishobora kurangira mu minota icumi gusa hamwe n’ibi bikoresho bigezweho, binongera cyane umusaruro w’ibigo kandi bikongera ubushobozi bwo guhangana ku isoko. Dufashe urugero rw’ikorwa ry’imitako yoroheje y’ibyuma, ibikorwa gakondo bishobora gufata amasaha menshi, mu giheimashini ikata hakoreshejwe laserbisaba iminota 30 gusa— kunoza imikorere biragaragara.
Imashini ikata imitako ya laser nayo ikora neza cyane mu bijyanye n'ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho. Umugozi wayo muto cyane wo gukata ugabanya neza imyanda y'ibikoresho. Iyi nyungu ni ingenzi cyane ku byuma by'agaciro bihenze nka zahabu na platine. Buri gikorwa cyo gukata gishobora kugenzurwa neza kugira ngo ibikoresho bigumane neza, bigabanye ikiguzi cyo gukora, kandi bigire inyungu nyinshi mu bukungu ku bigo. Dukurikije imibare nyayo, nyuma yo gukoresha imashini ikata imitako ya laser, ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho rishobora kwiyongeraho 10% - 20%, ibi bikazatuma ibigo bizigama amafaranga menshi mu gihe kirekire.
Ibigo byinshi bizwi cyane by’imitako byafashe iya mbere mu gutangiza iyi mashini ikata imitako hakoreshejwe laser kandi byageze ku musaruro utangaje. Nyuma yo gukoresha iyi mashini, ikirango mpuzamahanga cy’imitako cyo ku rwego rwa mbere cyongereye umuvuduko wo gutangiza ibicuruzwa byacyo bishya ku kigero cya 30%, bigabanya igipimo cy’ubusembwa bw’ibicuruzwa kigera munsi ya 1%, byongera cyane kunyurwa n’ubuhanga bw’ibicuruzwa, kandi bigeza ku izamuka rya 20% mu gihe cy’amezi atandatu. Byongeye kandi, ikirango cyibanda ku mitako yihariye, gifashijwemo n’imashini ikata laser, gishobora gusubiza vuba ibyo abakiriya bakeneye, kikagira izamuka rya 50% mu byo batumiza mu gihe cy’umwaka umwe kandi kikagira amahirwe yo kugaragara ku isoko rifite ipiganwa rikomeye.
Bitewe n'iterambere rihoraho n'udushya mu bumenyi n'ikoranabuhanga, imashini ikata imitako ya laser ifite ahazaza heza ho gutera imbere. Mu gihe kizaza, izakomeza gutera imbere igana ku c Urugero, ishobora guhuza ikoranabuhanga ry'ubwenge bw'ubukorano kugira ngo imenye imiterere y'igishushanyo mbonera no kunoza inzira zo gukata, irusheho kunoza imikorere n'ubwiza bw'imashini zikata; mu bijyanye no guhuza ibikoresho byo gukata, izakomeza kwaguka, ikanayifasha gutunganya ubwoko bwinshi bw'ibikoresho bishya by'imitako. Birumvikana ko binyuze mu nkunga y'imashini ikata imitako ya laser, inganda z'imitako zizagira ahazaza heza kandi zizanire abaguzi imirimo myiza kandi idasanzwe y'imitako.
Imashini yo gukata hakoreshejwe laser (Ibikoresho bikuru)
- Ihame: Ikoresha umuyoboro wa laser ufite ingufu nyinshi (cyane cyane fiber laser cyangwa CO₂ laser) kugira ngo yibande ku buso bw'icyuma, igahita ishonga cyangwa igahindura icyuma gishyushye. Ifatanyije na sisitemu yo kugenzura imibare kugira ngo igenzure inzira yo gukata, igera ku gukata neza.
- Ibyiza: Gutunganya bidahuye n'aho byakoreshejwe, nta gitutu cya tekiniki, kwirinda guhindura ibyuma; impande zoroshye kandi zigororotse (zifite ubukana bwa Ra0.8μm cyangwa munsi yayo), nta mpamvu yo kuzitunganya nyuma; ubuziranenge buhanitse cyane (ubuziranenge bwo gushyiramo ± 0.01mm), bushobora gukata imiterere igoye (nk'impande zifite ubugari n'ibice bifite imiterere).
- Imikoreshereze: Gukata utubati tw'icyuma (urugero, gukata utubati twa zahabu mu ngano zisabwa mu gushyiraho impeta), gukata imiterere igoye (urugero, imitako y'imishumi n'udupfunyika tw'amaherena).
Ibiranga Tekiniki by'Ingenzi (Itandukaniro n'Imashini Zica Inganda)
- Ibisabwa mu buryo buhanitse cyane: Ibice by'imitako akenshi biba ari bito mu bunini (urugero: imitako yo mu matwi ifite umurambararo wa mm 2-5, impande z'amabuye y'agaciro zifite uburebure bwa mm 0.5-2), bityo uburyo bwo gushyiramo imashini ikata bugomba kugera kuri mm ± 0.005-0.01, ari na bwo buri hejuru cyane ugereranyije n'ibikoresho by'inganda (± 0.05mm).
- Gutunganya ibintu byangiritse bike: Gukoresha ingufu nke: Gukata imitako ntibisaba imbaraga nyinshi z'ibikoresho by'inganda (urugero, imbaraga za laser y'inganda ziri hagati ya 500W na 2000W). Ingufu za laser zogukata icyuma cy'agaciroahanini ni 20-100W, naho imbaraga za laser zo gukata amabuye y'agaciro ni 5-30W, kugira ngo hirindwe ko ibintu bihinduka umwuka mwinshi.
- Ibikoresho by'agaciro bigomba kwirinda kwangirika guterwa n'igitutu cya mekanike, bityo guca imirasire ya laser idakoraho ni byo bikunze gukoreshwa;
- Amabuye y'agaciro agomba kwirinda "gucikagurika kw'ubushyuhe" guterwa n'ubushyuhe bwinshi, bityo agomba kuba afite uburyo bwo gukonjesha amazi (igipimo cyo gukonjesha > 50℃ / s) cyangwa ikoranabuhanga rya laser ikonje.
- Imikorere igaragara: Ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe byo mu rwego rwo hejuru bifite sisitemu yo gufata amashusho ya mikorosikopi (kongera inshuro 10-50) kugira ngo birebe uko gukata bikorwa mu gihe nyacyo, birebe neza imiterere cyangwa impande.
