Gusudira ahantu hatandukanye ni uburyo bwihuta kandi buhendutse bwo guhuza. Bukwiriye guhuza ibice by'icyuma gifunganye n'imigozi idasaba umwuka mwinshi. Hari ubwoko bwinshi bwo gusudira ahantu hatandukanye, nko gusudira ahantu hatandukanye, gusudira ahantu hatandukanye, gusudira ahantu hafatanye n'imigozi, gusudira ahantu hafatanye n'imigozi,gusudira ahantu havanze, na laser spot welding. Muri iki gihe, resistance spot welding ikoreshwa cyane mu gukora. Dufashe urugero mu nganda z'imodoka, hakenewe ahantu 3.000 kugeza kuri 4.000 ho gusudira mu gihe cyo guteranya ibice by'imodoka, bisaba robots 250 kugeza kuri 300, hamwe na sisitemu zo kugenzura zishyigikira n'ibindi bikoresho by'inyongera. Ariko, resistance spot welding ntabwo igenda neza. Bitewe n'iterambere ryihuse ry'ubukungu, uruziga rw'imiterere n'imiterere y'ibice by'imodoka rwabaye rugufi cyane. Kuvugurura ibicuruzwa bishya n'ingero bisaba ubwoko bushya bw'ikoranabuhanga ryo gusudira ahantu heza kandi rigoye. Kubwibyo, ikoranabuhanga ryo gusudira ahantu heza rya laser ryagiye riba intandaro y'ibitekerezo kandi byitezwe ko rizakoreshwa cyane mu nganda zikora imodoka. Mu rwego rw'indege, laser spot welding nayo irimo kugeragezwa nk'ikoranabuhanga rindi. Mu gihe kirekire, imiyoboro y'ibikoresho by'indege muri rusange yakoresheje riveting, ikubiyemo inzira nyinshi zo gukora n'akazi kenshi. Bitewe no kwiyongera kw'ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho bishya nka alloys za aluminium, alloys za titanium, n'ibikoresho bivanze, gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rishya ryo gusudira kugira ngo risimbuze uburyo gakondo bwo guhuza ibintu byabaye ikintu gikunze kugaragara. Ibi ntibituma umusaruro urushaho kuba mwiza gusa ahubwo binagabanya uburemere bw'inyubako kandi bikuzuza ibisabwa mu miterere mishya y'inyubako, ibyo bikaba ingenzi cyane ku bicuruzwa byo mu kirere. Kuba imashini ikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya laser ikora neza cyane kandi ikoroha cyane, biyiha inyungu nyinshi mu gukora ibintu bifatika, cyane cyane mu nganda z'indege, aho ishobora gusimbura inzira gakondo nko gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rya resistance spot welding no gukoresha riveting.
I. Ibisobanuro n'ibiranga uburyo bwo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser
Ibisobanuro
Gusudira ahantu hakoresha laser bivuga inzira yo gushonga no guhuza ibikoresho by'akazi hakoreshejwe laser imwe (t > 1ms) cyangwa urukurikirane rw'imivuduko ya laser iri ahantu hamwe.
Gusudira ahantu hakoresha laser bisa cyane n'izindi nzira zo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser; itandukaniro ryonyine ni uko nta kwimura hagati y'umurabyo wa laser n'igikoresho cyo gukora mu gihe cyo gusudira ahantu hadakoreshejwe laser. Gusudira ahantu hakoresha laser bigabanyijemo ubwoko bubiri: gusudira ubushyuhe n'ingufu z'imfunguzo. Mu gusudira ahantu hakoresha amashanyarazi, laser ishobora gushongesha icyuma gusa idakoresheje umwuka. Ubu buryo bukwiriye cyane mu gusudira ibyuma bifite ubunini buri munsi ya mm 0.5, nko gusudira ahantu hakoresha laser muri Nd:YAG mu bikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga. Mu gusudira ahantu hakoresha laser muri keyhole, laser ishobora kwinjira imbere mu buryo butaziguye mu mwobo w'ibikoresho binyuze mu mwobo w'imfunguzo, yongera igipimo cy'ikoreshwa ry'ingufu za laser no kugera ku burebure bunini bw'ubwinjiriro. Gusudira ahantu hadakoreshejwe laser muri gakondo bishongesha ibikoresho byo gukora kugira ngo bikore ahantu hadakoreshejwe laser hakoreshejwe ubushyuhe buterwa n'amashanyarazi, mu gihe isoko y'ubushyuhe bwo gusudira ahantu hakoresha laser ikomoka ku mirasire ya laser, bigatuma habaho imiterere itandukanye cyane y'aho hadakoreshejwe laser.
Ibipimo bihindurwa byo gusudira ahantu hakoresha laser muri rusange birimo imbaraga za laser, igihe cyo gusudira ahantu hadakoreshejwe, n'ingano ya defocus. Ku gusudira ahantu hadakoreshejwe pulse mode, ibipimo birimo kandi pulse waveform, frequency, na duty cycle. Muri ibi, imbaraga za laser zigira ingaruka cyane ku burebure bw'ahantu hasudira, mu gihe igihe cyo gusudira ahantu hadakoreshejwe bigira ingaruka nini ku bunini bw'aho hasudira. Muri rusange, uko igihe cya laser kiba kirekire, ni ko ingano y'ubuso bwo hejuru n'ubwo hasi bw'aho hasudira igenda iba nini ndetse n'ingano y'ubuso bwo guhuza. Impinduka mu ngano ya defocus zigira ingaruka cyane ku murambararo w'aho n'ubucucike bw'ingufu bikora ku buso bw'akazi, bityo bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku miterere rusange y'aho hasudira.
Ibiranga
- Hamwe na laser nk'isoko y'ubushyuhe, gusudira ahantu hatandukanye bitanga umuvuduko wo hejuru, ubwiza bwo hejuru, ubushyuhe buke, kandi bigatuma imikorere y'ibikoresho ihinduka buhoro.
- Urwego rw'ubwisanzure mu myanya yo gusudira irarushaho kuba nziza, bigatuma gusudira imyanya yose ishyirwa mu myanya kandi byoroshye kuyigeraho.gusudira ahantu hamwe, bityo byongera cyane ubwisanzure bwo gushushanya ibicuruzwa.
- Gusudira ahantu hakoresha laser bifite ibisabwa bike ku bunini bw'ingingo zo ku ruhande. Hari imbogamizi nke ku bipimo nk'ingano y'ingingo zo ku ruhande n'intera iri hagati y'izifite aho zikoreshwa, kandi nta mpamvu yo gutekereza ku ngaruka z'ingufu ziterwa n'amashanyarazi.
- Ku bijyanye no gusudira amasahani y’ubugari bungana, ibikoresho bitandukanye, n’ibikoresho byihariye (aloyi za aluminiyumu, amabati), gusudira amasahani ya laser bikora neza kurusha uburyo bwa gakondo bwo gusudira amasahani.
- Ntibisaba ibikoresho byinshi by’inyongera, bishobora kwihutisha impinduka z’ibicuruzwa, no guhaza ibyifuzo by’isoko.
II. Isesengura ryimbitse ry’ibisembwa byo gusudira ahantu hakoreshejwe laser
Imyanya, imyenge, no kugwa ni byo bikunze kugaragara mu gusudira ahantu hakoreshejwe laser, bigasesengurwa kimwe kimwe hepfo.
1. Uduce
Imyanya igabanyijemo ibice bibiri: imiyoboro yo hejuru n'imiyoboro miremire. Igipimo cyo gushyushya no gukonjesha mu gihe cyo gusudira ahantu hakozwe na laser ni cyo gihe cyihuse cyane, bigatuma ubushyuhe bugabanuka cyane hagati y'ahantu hashyushye n'icyuma gikikije, ibyo bikaba byoroshye gutuma habaho imiyoboro. Kugaragara kw'imiyoboro bifitanye isano rya hafi n'ibikoresho; urugero, aluminiyumu ifite ubushake bwo gucikamo ibice byinshi mu gihe cyo gusudira ahantu hakozwe na laser kuruta icyuma kitagira umugese. Uburyo bwiza bwo gukumira ihinduka ry'imiyoboro ni ugukoresha neza uburyo bwo gukangura imiyoboro kugira ngo hagenzurwe igipimo cyo gukonjesha kw'icyuma no kugabanya umuvuduko w'imbere.
2. Imyenge
Uduce duto tw’imyenge (imyobo) mu byuma bisudiramo amabara ya laser dushobora kugabanywamo utwenge duto n’utundi duce duto. Utwo duce duto duterwa ahanini no kugabanuka k’umushongi wa hydrogen mu byuma bito mu gihe cy’ubukonje bw’icyuma, ndetse no guhumeka kw’icyuma mu mwobo w’urufunguzo no guhungabana kw’ikidendezi cyashongeshejwe. Utwo duce duto duterwa ahanini n’umuvuduko wo gukonja vuba cyane mu gihe cyo gusudira amabara ya laser, bigatuma icyuma gikikije utwo duce kidakomeza kuzura. Muri rusange, utwo duce duto dukunda kugaragara mu gusudira amabara ya long-pulse, mu gihe utwo duce duto dushobora kugaragara mu gusudira amabara ya long-pulse.
Hari ahantu habiri hakunze kugaragara imyenge mu gusudira ahantu hakoresha laser: imwe iri hafi y’aho impuzankano iri hagati y’aho impuzankano ikorera, indi iri ku mizi y’inyuzankano. Amashusho ashongesha yafashwe na X-ray agaragaza ko imyenge iri hafi y’aho impuzankano ikorera ahanini iterwa no gufunga ijosi iyo umwobo w’imfunguzo ufunze; ku myenge iri ku muzi w’inyuzankano, ahanini ikorwa no gusenyuka k’umwobo w’imfunguzo bitewe n’uko inyuzankano ihita ishira nyuma yo gushingwa k’umwobo w’imfunguzo.
3. Kugwa
Kugwa ni ikintu kigaragara mu gusudira ahantu hakoresha laser. Kugwa hagati ku buso bw'aho hakoreshwa weld n'ubwinshi bw'ibyuma bibukikije biterwa n'imbaraga zo gusubira inyuma ziterwa no gusukura icyuma gisunika icyuma gitemba ku buso bw'aho hakoreshwa weld. Mu gihe cyo gukonjesha, icyuma cyakusanyijwe ku buso gikomera vuba kandi ntigishobora kuzura burundu. Byongeye kandi, igihombo cy'ibikoresho giterwa no guhumeka kw'icyuma vuba no gusuka ni ikindi kintu gituma hagati hakoreshwa weld. Igihe cyo gukanda bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku kugwa kw'ubuso bw'aho hakoreshwa weld no kurema imyenge. Ahantu hakoreshwa weld hashimishije hashobora kuboneka binyuze mu kunoza imiterere y'ingufu z'umutima n'igihe.
4. Ingaruka z'ingano ya Defocus ku hantu ho gusuka ibintu
Impinduka mu ngano ya defocus zihindura mu buryo butaziguye umurambararo w'aho hantu n'ubucucike bw'ingufu. Iyo ingano ya defocus yiyongere mu cyerekezo kibi n'icyiza, bivuze ko umurambararo w'aho hantu wiyongera kandi ubucucike bw'ingufu bugabanuka. Mu gihe cyo gusudira ahantu hakoresha laser, hari isano ijyanye hagati y'umurambararo w'aho hantu n'ingano y'umwobo w'ibanze wakozwe n'ingaruka za laser ku gice cy'igerageza, mu gihe ubucucike bw'ingufu bugena igipimo cyo kwaguka kwa pisine ishongeshejwe. Iyo agaciro ka burundu k'ingano ya defocus ari gato, umurambararo w'aho hantu hakoresha laser ni muto, ubucucike bw'ingufu za laser ni bwinshi, kandi igipimo cyo kwaguka kwa pisine ishongeshejwe ni vuba, ariko umurambararo w'umwobo w'ibanze ni muto. Ahubwo, iyo ingano ya defocus ari nini, umurambararo w'umwobo w'ibanze ni munini, ariko igipimo cyo kwaguka kwa pisine ishongeshejwe kiragabanuka, kandi ingano y'aho hantu hakoresha weld ishobora kuba idafite ubunini. Kubwibyo, mu gihe cyo guhindura ingano ya defocus, ingaruka zose z'umurambararo w'aho hantu n'ubucucike bw'ingufu z'ubuso bw'aho hantu hakoresha weld zigena ingano y'aho hantu hakoresha weld.
III. Gukoresha ikoranabuhanga ryo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser Spot
Gusudira ahantu hakoresha laser bifite umuvuduko mwinshi, uburebure bunini bw'ubujyakuzimu, guhindagurika guke, kandi bishobora gukorwa ku bushyuhe bw'icyumba cyangwa mu bihe byihariye hakoreshejwe ibikoresho byoroshye byo gusudira. Byongeye kandi, kugaragara kwa laser za pulse zifite frequency yo hejuru (zifite frequency irenga 40 pulses ku isegonda) byatumye habaho ikoreshwa ryagutse rya laser spot welding mu guteranya no gusudira ibice bito n'ibito mu gukora ibintu byikora. Mu gusudira ibice bito by'ikoranabuhanga bisaba agace gato gafite ingaruka ku bushyuhe—nk'isano riri hagati y'ibirahure n'icyuma, isano y'ingingo mu miyoboro ya semiconductor ifata ubushyuhe, hamwe n'isano riri hagati y'ibyuma bitandukanye mu nsinga—gusudira ahantu hakoresha laser spot ni byiza kurusha inzira zisanzwe zo gusudira ahantu hadakoreshejwe laser (urugero, gusudira ahantu hadakoreshejwe resistance), hamwe n'udupira tudafite umwanda kandi dufite ubuziranenge bwo gusudira. Ishusho ya 6-60 igaragaza urugero rw'ikoreshwa rya laser spot welding mu gukora amatara y'imodoka: laser ya 500W solid-state pulse ikora udupira tune gisa na two dufite frequency yo hejuru cyane yo gusudira.
Mu gihe cyo gusudira ahantu hizewe cyane ku miterere mito hakoreshejwe ingufu nyinshi zo gukanda, laser za Nd:YAG zifite inyungu mu bya tekiniki no mu bukungu. Mu bikorwa byinshi byo gusudira ahantu hizewe mu nganda, laser za pulsed solid-state zifite imbaraga mpuzandengo ya 50W n'imbaraga zo gukanda zirenga 2kW zirakoreshwa cyane. Laser ishobora gukora ku kintu gikozwemo binyuze mu migozi y'urumuri cyangwa lenses zivanze.
Gusudira ahantu hakoresha laser bikoreshwa ku bikoresho bitandukanye. Urugero, iyo usudira ahantu hakoresha bateri za Li, ukoresheje Nd:Ikoranabuhanga ryo gusudira ahantu hakoresha laser rya YAGGuhuza ibyuma bitandukanye ni byiza kurusha TIG welding na resistance spot welding. By'umwihariko, kubera ko imigozi y'urumuri ikoreshwa mu kohereza lasers mu gihe cyo gukora, biroroshye kugenda vuba kandi mu buryo bworoshye hagati y'intebe zitandukanye z'akazi.
Muri make, gusudira ahantu hifashishijwe laser bifite ibi bikurikira:
- Uko imbaraga za laser ziyongera, uburebure bw'ubuso bw'ahantu ho gusuka buhinduka bukazamuka bukamanuka, mu gihe uburebure bw'ubuso bwo gusuka n'ubuso bwo hasi bwiyongera buhoro buhoro. Impinduka mu miterere y'ahantu ho gusuka ntizigaragara. Uko igihe kigenda cyiyongera, ingano y'ahantu ho gusuka irushaho kwiyongera, kandi umuvuduko w'ubuso bwo gusuka uruta ubwinshi bw'ubuso bwo hejuru n'ubwo hasi. Impinduka mu gipimo cyo gukuraho bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku bunini bw'ahantu ho gusuka. Bihindura mu buryo butaziguye uburebure bw'aho n'ubucucike bw'imbaraga za laser, kandi ingaruka zose z'ibi bintu bibiri zigena ingano y'aho ho gusuka.
- Mu gihe cyuzuye, hari ukugwa kugaragara ku buso bwa laser spot weld. Uko imbaraga za laser ziyongera n'igihe kirekire, ubujyakuzimu bw'ukugwa ku buso bwa weld buriyongera. Iyo igihe cyangwa ingano y'icyuho ari kinini, ubuso bwo hasi bushobora no kugaragaza ko buhagaze.
- Uko icyuho kigenda cyiyongera, imiterere rusange y'ahantu ho gusudira, kugwa hagati, no kwinjira mu cyuho biragaragara. Ubuso bwo guhuza buragabanuka, kandi imbaraga zikagabanuka vuba. Muri iki gihe, mu gusudira resistor, bateri, n'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga, inzira yo gusudira ahantu habiri icyarimwe ikunze gukoreshwa, akenshi ikoresha igishushanyo mbonera gifite amasoko abiri y'urumuri rwa laser.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-27-2025
