Uburyo bwo gusudira hakoreshejwe imirasire ibiri buratangwa, ahanini kugira ngo hakemurwe uburyo bwo guhuzagusudira hakoreshejwe laserKugira ngo bateranye neza, bongera uburyo bwo gusimbuza, kandi banoze ubwiza bw'ubushude, cyane cyane ku gusudira icyuma gito no gusudira aluminiyumu. Gusudira icyuma gikoresha imirasire ibiri bishobora gukoresha uburyo bwa optique kugira ngo bitandure icyuma kimwe mo imirasire ibiri itandukanye y'urumuri rwo gusudira. Bishobora kandi gukoresha ubwoko bubiri butandukanye bwa lasers kugira ngo bihuzwe, laser ya CO2, laser ya Nd:YAG na laser ya semiconductor ifite imbaraga nyinshi. Binyuze mu guhindura ingufu z'icyuma, intera y'umurasire, ndetse n'uburyo ingufu zikwirakwizwa muri iyo mirasire ibiri, ubushyuhe bwo gusudira bushobora guhindurwa byoroshye kandi mu buryo bworoshye, buhindura imiterere y'imyobo n'imiterere y'icyuma gishongeshejwe mu kidendezi, bitanga igisubizo cyiza cy'uburyo bwo gusudira. Ahantu hanini umuntu yahitamo ntagereranywa na single-beam laser welding. Ntabwo ifite gusa ibyiza byo gusimbuza icyuma kinini, umuvuduko wihuta kandi ufite ubuziranenge bwinshi, ahubwo inashobora guhuza ibikoresho n'ingingo bigoye gusudira hakoreshejwe laser welding isanzwe.
Ihame ryagusudira hakoreshejwe laser ifite imirasire ibiri
Gusudira imirasire ibiri bivuze gukoresha imirasire ibiri ya laser icyarimwe mu gihe cyo gusudira. Imiterere y'imirasire, intera y'imirasire, inguni iri hagati y'imirasire ibiri, aho ishyirwa hamwe n'igipimo cy'ingufu z'imirasire ibiri byose ni imiterere y'ingenzi mu gusudira imirasire ibiri ya laser. Ubusanzwe, mu gihe cyo gusudira, muri rusange hari uburyo bubiri bwo gutondeka imirasire ibiri. Nk'uko bigaragara ku ishusho, bumwe butondekwa mu buryo bukurikiranye mu cyerekezo cyo gusudira. Ubu buryo bushobora kugabanya umuvuduko wo gukonja kw'ikidendezi cyashongeshejwe. Bigabanya uburyo bwo gukomera kw'umurasire no gukora imyenge. Ikindi ni ukubitondeka iruhande cyangwa mu buryo bwambukiranya impande zombi z'umurasire kugira ngo byongere ubushobozi bwo guhuza n'icyuho cy'umurasire.
Ihame ryo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser ebyiri
Gusudira imirasire ibiri bivuze gukoresha imirasire ibiri ya laser icyarimwe mu gihe cyo gusudira. Imiterere y'imirasire, intera y'imirasire, inguni iri hagati y'imirasire ibiri, aho ishyirwa hamwe n'igipimo cy'ingufu z'imirasire ibiri byose ni imiterere y'ingenzi mu gusudira imirasire ibiri ya laser. Ubusanzwe, mu gihe cyo gusudira, muri rusange hari uburyo bubiri bwo gutondeka imirasire ibiri. Nk'uko bigaragara ku ishusho, bumwe butondekwa mu buryo bukurikiranye mu cyerekezo cyo gusudira. Ubu buryo bushobora kugabanya umuvuduko wo gukonja kw'ikidendezi cyashongeshejwe. Bigabanya uburyo bwo gukomera kw'umurasire no gukora imyenge. Ikindi ni ukubitondeka iruhande cyangwa mu buryo bwambukiranya impande zombi z'umurasire kugira ngo byongere ubushobozi bwo guhuza n'icyuho cy'umurasire.
Ku buryo bwo gusudira bwa laser bukozwe mu buryo bwa tandem-arranged dual-beam, hari uburyo butatu butandukanye bwo gusudira bitewe n'intera iri hagati y'imiringa y'imbere n'iy'inyuma, nk'uko bigaragara ku ishusho iri hepfo.
1. Mu bwoko bwa mbere bw'uburyo bwo gusudira, intera iri hagati y'imirasire ibiri y'urumuri ni nini cyane. Umurasire umwe w'urumuri ufite ubucucike bw'ingufu nyinshi kandi wibanda ku buso bw'igikoresho kugira ngo utange imyobo y'imfunguzo mu gusudira; undi murasire w'urumuri ufite ubucucike bw'ingufu nke. Ukoreshwa gusa nk'isoko y'ubushyuhe mu gutunganya ubushyuhe bwa mbere yo gusudira cyangwa nyuma yo gusudira. Hakoreshejwe ubu buryo bwo gusudira, igipimo cyo gukonjesha cy'ikigega cyo gusudira gishobora kugenzurwa mu rugero runaka, ibyo bikaba ingirakamaro mu gusudira ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe bifite ubushobozi bwo kwangirika cyane, nk'icyuma cya karubone nyinshi, icyuma cya alloy, nibindi, kandi bishobora no kunoza ubukomere bwa sudde.
2. Mu bwoko bwa kabiri bw'uburyo bwo gusudira, intera iri hagati y'imirasire ibiri y'urumuri ni ntoya cyane. Imirasire ibiri y'urumuri ikora imyobo ibiri yigenga mu kidendezi cyo gusudira, ibi bihindura imiterere y'amazi y'icyuma kandi bigafasha gukumira gufatwa. Bishobora gukuraho inenge nk'impande n'udusimba tw'amasaro yo gusudira no kunoza imiterere y'umurasire.
3. Mu bwoko bwa gatatu bw'uburyo bwo gusudira, intera iri hagati y'imirasire ibiri y'urumuri ni nto cyane. Muri iki gihe, imirasire ibiri y'urumuri ikora umwobo umwe w'urufunguzo muri pisine yo gusudira. Ugereranyije no gusudira hakoreshejwe laser imwe, kubera ko ingano y'urufunguzo iba nini kandi ntibyoroshye gufunga, inzira yo gusudira iba ihamye kandi gaze yoroshye kuyisohora, ibyo bikaba ingirakamaro mu kugabanya imyenge n'imitobe, no kubona imirasire ihoraho, isa kandi myiza.
Mu gihe cyo gusudira, imirasire ibiri ya laser ishobora no gukorwa ku nguni runaka hagati yayo. Uburyo bwo gusudira busa n'uburyo bwo gusudira imirasire ibiri ihurirana. Ibisubizo by'ibizamini bigaragaza ko hakoreshejwe OO ebyiri zifite ingufu nyinshi zifite inguni ya 30° hagati yayo n'intera ya 1 ~ 2mm, umurasire wa laser ushobora kubona umwobo w'urufunguzo umeze nk'umufuru. Ingano y'umwobo w'urufunguzo ni nini kandi ihamye, ibi bishobora kunoza neza ubwiza bw'urufunguzo. Mu mikoreshereze ifatika, guhuza imirasire ibiri y'urumuri bishobora guhinduka bitewe n'imiterere itandukanye yo gusudira kugira ngo hagerwe ku buryo butandukanye bwo gusudira.
6. Uburyo bwo gushyira mu bikorwa uburyo bwo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser ifite imirasire ibiri
Kubona imirasire ibiri bishobora kuboneka hakoreshejwe imirasire ibiri itandukanye ya laser, cyangwa umurasire umwe wa laser ugashyirwamo imirasire ibiri ya laser yo gusudira hakoreshejwe sisitemu ya optical spectrometry. Kugira ngo umurasire w'urumuri ugabanukemo imirasire ibiri ya laser ijyanye ifite imbaraga zitandukanye, spectroscope cyangwa sisitemu yihariye ya optical irashobora gukoreshwa. Ishusho igaragaza ibishushanyo bibiri byerekana amahame yo gutandukanya urumuri hakoreshejwe indorerwamo zibandaho nk'ibice by'imirasire.
Byongeye kandi, agakoresho gatanga urumuri gashobora no gukoreshwa nk'agace gatandukanya urumuri, kandi agakoresho gaheruka mu nzira y'urumuri gashobora gukoreshwa nk'agace gatandukanya urumuri. Ubwo bwoko bw'agakoresho gatanga urumuri bwitwa kandi agakoresho gatanga urumuri ko mu bwoko bw'igisenge. Ubuso bwako butanga urumuri si ubuso burambuye, ahubwo bugizwe n'ibice bibiri. Umurongo uhuriraho w'ubuso bubiri butanga urumuri uherereye hagati y'ubuso bw'indorerwamo, nk'uko bigaragara ku ishusho. Umurabyo w'urumuri rungana urabagirana kuri spectroscope, ugaragazwa n'ibice bibiri ku mfuruka zitandukanye kugira ngo ukore imirasire ibiri y'urumuri, kandi ukagaragara ku myanya itandukanye y'indorerwamo ifata urumuri. Nyuma yo gufatisha urumuri, imirasire ibiri y'urumuri iboneka ku ntera runaka ku buso bw'igikorwa. Mu guhindura inguni iri hagati y'ubuso bubiri butanga urumuri n'aho igisenge giherereye, imirasire y'urumuri itandukanye ifite intera n'imiterere bitandukanye irashobora kuboneka.
Iyo ukoresheje ubwoko bubiri butandukanye bwaimirasire ya laser to ikora umurambararo w’ingufu ebyiri, hari uburyo bwinshi bwo guhuza. Laser ya CO2 nziza cyane ifite ikwirakwizwa ry’ingufu za Gaussian irashobora gukoreshwa mu kazi gakomeye ko gusudira, naho laser ya semiconductor ifite ikwirakwizwa ry’ingufu z’urukiramende irashobora gukoreshwa mu gufasha mu kazi ko gutunganya ubushyuhe. Ku ruhande rumwe, uku guhuza kurahendutse cyane. Ku rundi ruhande, imbaraga z’imirasire ibiri y’urumuri zishobora guhindurwa ukwazo. Ku miterere itandukanye y’ingingo, ahantu hashobora guhindurwa ubushyuhe hashobora kuboneka binyuze mu guhindura aho laser na laser ya semiconductor bihurira, bikwiriye cyane gusudira. Kugenzura inzira. Byongeye kandi, laser ya YAG na laser ya CO2 bishobora guhuzwa mu murambararo w’ingufu ebyiri zo gusudira, laser ikomeza na laser ya pulse birashobora guhuzwa mu gusudira, kandi umurambararo w’ingufu n’umurambararo w’ingufu nabyo bishobora guhuzwa mu gusudira.
7. Ihame ryo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser ifite imirasire ibiri
3.1 Gusudira amabati hakoreshejwe laser ebyiri
Igikoresho cy'icyuma gikozwe muri galvanizi ni cyo gikoreshwa cyane mu nganda z'imodoka. Aho icyuma gishongesha ni hafi 1500°C, mu gihe aho zinc ishongesha ni 906°C gusa. Kubwibyo, iyo ukoresheje uburyo bwo gusudira, umwuka mwinshi wa zinc ukunze kuboneka, bigatuma inzira yo gusudira idahindagurika. , bigatuma imyenge mu isudira. Ku ngingo zifatanye, guhindagurika kw'urwego rwa galvanizi ntibibaho gusa ku buso bwo hejuru no hasi, ahubwo binabaho ku buso bufatanye. Mu gihe cyo gusudira, umwuka wa zinc usohoka vuba mu buso bwa pisine ishongesha mu bice bimwe na bimwe, mu gihe mu bindi bice bigora umwuka wa zinc gusohoka mu buso bwa pisine ishongesha. Ku buso bwa pisine, ubwiza bwa sudira ntibuhindagurika cyane.
Gusudira hakoreshejwe laser ifite imirasire ibiri bishobora gukemura ibibazo by’ubwiza bw’ubushuhe buterwa n’umwuka wa zinc. Uburyo bumwe ni ukugenzura igihe cyo kubaho n’umuvuduko wo gukonjesha kw’ikidendezi gishongeshejwe binyuze mu guhuza imbaraga z’imirasire ibiri kugira ngo byorohereze umwuka wa zinc gusohoka; ubundi buryo ni ukurekura umwuka wa zinc ukoresheje gutobora cyangwa gukata. Nkuko bigaragara ku Ishusho ya 6-31, laser ya CO2 ikoreshwa mu gusudira. Laser ya YAG iri imbere ya laser ya CO2 kandi ikoreshwa mu gucukura imyobo cyangwa gukata imiyoboro. Imyobo cyangwa imiyoboro byatunganyijwe mbere bitanga inzira yo gusohoka k’umwuka wa zinc ukorwa mu gihe cyo gusudira nyuma, bikayirinda kuguma mu kidendezi gishongeshejwe no kugira inenge.
3.2 Gusudira hakoreshejwe laser ya aloyi ya aluminiyumu hakoreshejwe imirasire ibiri
Bitewe n'imikorere yihariye y'ibikoresho bya aluminiyumu, hari ingorane zikurikira mu gukoresha laser welding [39]: aluminiyumu ifite igipimo gito cyo kwinjiza laser, kandi ubushobozi bwo kugaragara bwa mbere bw'ubuso bwa laser ya CO2 burenze 90%; imigozi yo gusudira laser ya aluminiyumu biroroshye gukora Porosity, icyuho; gutwika ibintu bya aluminiyumu mu gihe cyo gusudira, nibindi. Mu gihe ukoresha single laser welding, biragoye gushyiraho urufunguzo no kubungabunga ubusugire. Double-beam laser welding ishobora kongera ingano y'urufunguzo, bigatuma urufunguzo rudafunga, ibyo bikaba ingirakamaro mu gusohora gaze. Ishobora kandi kugabanya igipimo cyo gukonjesha no kugabanya imyenge n'icyuho cyo gusudira. Kubera ko inzira yo gusudira ihamye kandi ingano y'imitobe igabanuka, imiterere y'ubuso bwo gusudira iboneka binyuze mu gusudira double-beam ya aluminiyumu nayo ni nziza cyane kuruta iyo gusudira double-beam. Ishusho ya 6-32 igaragaza ishusho y'umugozi wo gusudira aluminium alloy butt welding ifite ubunini bwa mm 3 ukoresheje single-beam laser ya CO2 na double-beam laser welding.
Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko iyo usuka aluminium ifite ubugari bwa mm 2, iyo intera iri hagati y’imirongo ibiri ari 0.6 ~ 1.0mm, inzira yo gusudira iba ihamye kandi umwobo w’urufunguzo wakozwe uba munini, ibyo bikaba byorohereza manyeziyumu guhumeka no gusohoka mu gihe cyo gusudira. Iyo intera iri hagati y’imirongo ibiri ari nto cyane, inzira yo gusudira y’umuyoboro umwe ntabwo izaba ihamye. Iyo intera ari nini cyane, kwinjira mu gusudira bizahinduka, nk'uko bigaragara ku Ishusho ya 6-33. Byongeye kandi, igipimo cy’ingufu z’imirongo ibiri nacyo bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku bwiza bwo gusudira. Iyo imirongo ibiri ifite intera ya mm 0.9 ishyizwe mu buryo bwo gusudira, ingufu z’umuyoboro wabanje zigomba kongerwa neza kugira ngo igipimo cy’ingufu z’imirongo ibiri mbere na nyuma yayo kirenze 1:1. Ni byiza kunoza ubwiza bw’umuyoboro wo gusudira, kongera ubuso bushongesha, no kubona umuyoboro woroshye kandi mwiza wo gusudira iyo umuvuduko wo gusudira uri hejuru.
3.3 Gusudira ibyuma bibiri by'ubugari bungana
Mu nganda, akenshi biba ngombwa gusudira ibyuma bibiri cyangwa byinshi bifite ubugari n'imiterere itandukanye kugira ngo habeho icyuma gifatanye. Cyane cyane mu gukora imodoka, gukoresha ibyuma bidafite aho biboheye birimo gukwirakwira cyane. Binyuze mu gusudira ibyuma bifite imiterere itandukanye, ibisigazwa cyangwa imiterere itandukanye, imbaraga zishobora kwiyongera, ibikoresho bikoreshwa bikagabanuka, kandi ubuziranenge bukagabanuka. Gusudira ibyuma bifite ubugari butandukanye bikunze gukoreshwa mu gusudira ibyuma hakoreshejwe laser. Ikibazo gikomeye ni uko ibyuma bigomba gusudira bigomba kuba bifite impande zinoze kandi bikagira ubushobozi bwo guteranya neza. Gukoresha gusudira ibyuma bifite ubugari butari bumwe bishobora guhinduka bitewe n'impinduka zitandukanye mu cyuho cy'ibice, aho bihurira, ubunini n'ibikoresho by'ibice. Bishobora gusudira ibyuma bifite ubugari bunini n'ubugari kandi bikongera umuvuduko wo gusudira n'ubwiza bwo gusudira.
Ibipimo by'ingenzi by'imikorere ya Shuangguangdong mu gusudira amasahani y'ubugari butaringaniye bishobora kugabanywamo ibipimo byo gusudira n'ibipimo bya plate, nk'uko bigaragara ku ishusho. Ibipimo byo gusudira birimo imbaraga z'imirasire ibiri ya laser, umuvuduko wo gusudira, aho kwibanda, inguni y'umutwe wo gusudira, inguni yo kuzunguruka k'umuraba w'igice cy'umugongo gifite imirasire ibiri n'aho kwibanda, nibindi. Ibipimo bya board birimo ingano y'ibikoresho, imikorere, imiterere yo gukata, icyuho cy'amasahani, nibindi. Ingufu z'imirasire ibiri ya laser zishobora guhindurwa ukwazo hakurikijwe intego zitandukanye zo gusudira. Ahantu ho kwibanda muri rusange haherereye ku buso bw'isahani nto kugira ngo hagerwe ku nzira yo gusudira ihamye kandi inoze. Inguni y'umutwe wo gusudira ubusanzwe itoranywa kugira ngo ibe hafi 6. Niba ubunini bw'amasahani abiri ari manini, inguni y'umutwe wo gusudira nziza irashobora gukoreshwa, ni ukuvuga ko laser ihengamiye ku isahani nto, nk'uko bigaragara ku ishusho; iyo ubunini bw'isahani ari buto, inguni y'umutwe wo gusudira mbi irashobora gukoreshwa. Aho gusudira hasobanurwa nk'intera iri hagati y'aho kwibanda kuri laser n'inkombe y'isahani nini. Mu guhindura aho kwibanda, ingano y'aho kwibanda ishobora kugabanuka kandi hakaboneka igice cyiza cyo gusudira.
Mu gusudira ibyuma bifite icyuho kinini, ushobora kongera umurambararo w’ubushyuhe bw’umurambararo uzunguruka inguni y’imirongo ibiri kugira ngo ubone ubushobozi bwiza bwo kuzuza icyuho. Ubugari bw’isonga ry’umurambararo bugenwa n’umurambararo w’imirongo ibiri ya laser, ni ukuvuga inguni yo kuzunguruka y’umurambararo. Uko inguni yo kuzunguruka iba nini, ni ko ubushyuhe bw’imirongo ibiri burushaho kuba bwinshi, kandi ubugari bw’igice cyo hejuru cy’umurambararo burushaho kuba bwinshi. Imirongo ibiri ya laser igira uruhare rutandukanye mu gikorwa cyo gusudira. Imwe ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu kwinjira mu mugongo, mu gihe indi ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gushonga ibikoresho by’umurambararo kugira ngo yuzuze icyuho. Nk’uko bigaragara ku Ishusho ya 6-35, munsi y’inguni nziza yo kuzunguruka k’umurambararo (umurambararo w’imbere ukora ku isahani nini, umurambararo w’inyuma ukora ku murambararo), umurambararo w’imbere uba ku isahani nini kugira ngo ishyushye kandi ishongeshe ibikoresho, kandi ikurikiraho Umurambararo wa laser utuma ibintu byinjira. Umurimbo wa mbere wa laser imbere ushobora gushonga igice cy’isahani nini, ariko ugira uruhare runini mu gikorwa cyo gusudira, kuko udashonga gusa uruhande rw’isahani nini kugira ngo huzuzwa neza icyuho, ahubwo unahuza ibikoresho bifatanye kugira ngo imirimbo ikurikira yorohe kuyisudira, bigatuma isudira yihuta. Mu gusudira imirimbo ibiri ifite inguni yo kuzunguruka (umurimbo w’imbere ukora ku isuka, n’umurimbo w’inyuma ukora ku isahani nini), imirimbo ibiri igira ingaruka zitandukanye cyane. Umurimbo wa mbere ushongesha ipfundo, naho umurimbo wa nyuma ushongesha isahani nini kugira ngo yuzure icyuho. Muri iki gihe, umurimbo w’imbere urakenewe kugira ngo usude mu isahani ikonje, kandi umuvuduko wo gusudira uragabanuka ugereranije no gukoresha inguni yo kuzunguruka imirimbo myiza. Kandi bitewe n’ingaruka zo gushyushya imirimbo yabanje, umurimbo wa nyuma uzashonga ibikoresho binini by’isahani munsi y’imbaraga zimwe. Muri iki gihe, imbaraga z’umurimbo wa laser wa nyuma zigomba kugabanuka neza. Mu kugereranya, gukoresha inguni yo kuzunguruka imirimbo myiza bishobora kongera umuvuduko wo gusudira, kandi gukoresha inguni yo kuzunguruka imirimbo mibi bishobora gutuma huzuzwa icyuho neza. Ishusho ya 6-36 igaragaza ingaruka z'inguni zitandukanye zo kuzunguruka kw'imirasire ku gice cya weld.
3.4 Gusudira amasahani manini manini hakoreshejwe laser ifite imirasire ibiri. Bitewe no kunoza urwego rw'imbaraga za laser n'ubwiza bw'imirasire, gusudira amasahani manini manini byahindutse impamo. Ariko, kubera ko laser ifite imbaraga nyinshi ihenze kandi gusudira amasahani manini manini muri rusange bisaba icyuma cyuzuza, hari imbogamizi zimwe na zimwe mu musaruro nyawo. Gukoresha ikoranabuhanga ryo gusudira amasahani manini manini ntirishobora kongera imbaraga za laser gusa, ahubwo rinakongera umurambararo mwiza w'ubushyuhe bw'umurasire, kongera ubushobozi bwo gushonga insinga zuzuza, gushimangira urufunguzo rwa laser, kunoza ubuziranenge bw'ubushyuhe, no kunoza ubuziranenge bw'ubushyuhe.
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: 29 Mata 2024
