Mu bihugu byateye imbere bifite inganda zikora ibikoresho bigezweho, hafi 50% by'umusaruro wose uva mu bigo bifitanye isano no gusudira. Kugira ngo hongerwe ubushobozi bwo guhangana ku isoko, abakora ibintu barushaho gusaba umusaruro mwinshi no kugabanya ikiguzi cy'ibicuruzwa. Kugira ngo hongerwe ubushobozi bwo gusudira, uburyo butandukanye nko gukoresha ibipimo bidasanzwe byo gusudira,gusudira by'ubwoko bwa hybrid, gusudira insinga nyinshi cyangwa nyinshi, kandi insinga zo gusudira nziza zishobora gukoreshwa. Izi nzira zo gusudira zigezweho zazamuye cyane umusaruro wo gusudira, zakoreshejwe cyane, kandi zagize uruhare runini muiterambere mu ikoranabuhanga ryo gusudira.

Mu kinyejana cya 21, hamwe n’iterambere ryihuse rya siyansi n’ikoranabuhanga, gusudira neza cyane byagiye byitabwaho cyane kandi byabaye icyerekezo cy’iterambere mu bushakashatsi no mu ikoreshwa ry’ikoranabuhanga ryo gusudira haba mu gihugu no mu mahanga. Mbere yaho, mu gusudira neza cyane, kunoza ibikoresho byo gusudira ni byo byari byibanzeho cyane. Mu myaka ya vuba aha, kunoza uburyo bwo gusudira bwikora byateje imbere iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga ryo gusudira neza cyane, no gusudira vuba cyane cyangwagusudira ku giciro cyo hejuruByahindutse icyerekezo cy'iterambere ry'ejo hazaza. Icyo bita "ikoranabuhanga ryo gusudira rigezweho" mu by'ukuri yerekeza ku ikoranabuhanga ritandukanye nko gusudira ryihuse, gusudira rigezweho, no gusudira neza.

(1) Uburyo bwo kunoza imikorere myiza yo gusudira

Kunoza umusaruro w’ubushuhe birimo ibintu bibiri: kimwe ni ubushuhe bwo gushyiramo ibintu byinshi bigamije kongera igipimo cyo gushonga kw’ibikoresho byo gusudira, bisaba gushonga ibikoresho byinshi byo gusudira kuri buri gipimo, ahanini bikoreshwa mu gusudira plate nini, hamwe n’igipimo cyo gushyiramo ibintu kigera kuri 30 kg / isaha; ikindi ni ubushuhe bwo hejuru bugamije kongera umuvuduko wo gusudira, aho ibanze ari ukongera umuvuduko wo gusudira mu gihe wongera umuvuduko wo gusudira kugira ngo ubushyuhe bwo gusudira bukomeze kwiyongera, ahanini bukoreshwa mu gusudira plate nto, hamwe n’umuvuduko wo gusudira inshuro 3-8 z’ubushuhe busanzwe bwa CO₂ burinzwe na gaze.

Ukurikije uko ubushakashatsi n'iterambere n'ikoreshwa ry'umusaruro bihagaze ubu, hari uburyo bukurikira bwo kunoza imikorere myiza mu gutunganya ubushuhe:

• Ongera umuvuduko ntarengwa wo gushonga kw'insinga binyuze mu guhuza imyuka itandukanye kugira ngo wongere igipimo cyo gushyiramo ubushuhe.
• Koresha amasoko y'ubushyuhe ya hybrid kugira ngo wongere imikorere myiza yo gusudira, nko gusudira laser-arc hybrid, gusudira laser-plasma arc hybrid, n'ibindi.
• Koresha uburyo bwo kongerera ingufu insinga nyinshi cyangwa uburyo bwo kongerera ingufu insinga zishyushye kugira ngo wongere umusaruro wo kongerera ingufu, nko kongerera ingufu insinga ebyiri (cyangwa insinga nyinshi) gaze, kongerera ingufu insinga nyinshi, kongerera ingufu insinga zishyushye gaze, nibindi.
• Koresha imiterere yihariye y’ibinyabutabire by’ibintu bikora kugira ngo wongere ubushobozi bwo kwinjira mu mfuruka, ugabanye ingano y’ibice bihuza ibyuma, kandi wongere imikorere myiza yo gusudira, nko gusudira A-TIG, inzira ya A-Laser, nibindi.
• Gabanya ingano y'umuyoboro kugira ngo ugabanye agace k'aho ubushuhe buhurira kandi ugabanye ingano y'ibyuma byashyizwemo, nko gusudira ahantu hagufi.
• Koresha imiyoboro yihariye y'amashanyarazi yo gusudira kugira ngo wongere umuvuduko wo gusudira.

Muri iki gihe, ibisobanuro mpuzamahanga byagusudira gaze ikora neza cyane (MAG)(reba DVS-No.0909-1) ni: ku nsinga ifite umurambararo wa mm 1.2, gusudira MAG ifite umuvuduko wo gukwirakwiza insinga urenga 15m/min cyangwa igipimo cyo gusudira kirenze 8kg/h byitwa gusudira MAG ifite ubushobozi bwo hejuru. Ubuhanga bwo gusudira MAG imwe na imwe bushobora kugera kuri kg 20/h.

(2) Ibikoresho byo gusudira bya MAG bikoresha ubushobozi bwo hejuru

Muri iki gihe, mu buryo bwo kunoza imikorere myiza ya MAG mu gusudira, uburyo bukoreshwa cyane ni ugusimbuza insinga zikomeye insinga zifite flux-core zo gusudira. Gukoresha insinga zifite ibyuma bifite ifu y'icyuma bishobora kongera imikorere myiza ku kigero kirenga 50% ugereranije n'insinga zikomeye. Byongeye kandi, guhindura imiterere ya gaze ikingira bishobora kunoza cyane imikorere myiza y'insinga.

• Insinga zikomeye zikwiriye umurambararo wa mm 1.0-1.2. Insinga nto cyane ziragoye kuzimenyera mu gihe zikoresha insinga zihuta bitewe n'uko zidakomeye bihagije; mu gihe insinga zifite umurambararo urenze mm 1.2 zitakoroha gutanga umuyoboro uzenguruka neza ndetse no mu gihe cy'amashanyarazi menshi.
• Insinga zifite imiterere ya Flux zishobora gufata umurambararo wa mm 1.2-1.6. Insinga zifite imiterere ya flux-core zombi zikozwe mu byuma n'izikozwe mu slag zishobora kugera ku bushyuhe bwa MAG bufite ubushobozi bwo gusudira bufite ibipimo binini byo gusudira. Cyane cyane ku nsinga zifite imiterere ya icyuma, bitewe n'umuvuduko mwinshi w'ifu y'icyuma (kugeza kuri 45%), iyo ukoresheje insinga ifite imiterere ya 1.6mm ifite ibipimo byo gusudira bifite umuvuduko wa 380A na voltage ya 38V yo gusudira, igipimo cyo gushonga insinga gishobora kugera kuri kg 9.6/h.

Uburyo insinga zikoresha ibyuma zigenda zitemba bumeze nk'ubwo insinga zikomeye zigenda zitemba. Insinga zikoresha ibyuma zishobora gutembanwa mu buryo bwo kohereza amazi asanzwe no kohereza amazi mu buryo bwihuse, ariko ntizishobora gukora kohereza amazi mu buryo buzenguruka. Umuvuduko ntarengwa wo kohereza insinga zikoresha ibyuma ushobora kugera kuri metero 30/minota, kandi umuvuduko wo hejuru w'insinga zikoresha ibyuma ni metero 45/minota, aho umuvuduko wo gushonga insinga ugera kuri kilo 20/h.

(3) Ubwoko bw'uburyo bwo kohereza amatonyanga mu gusudira MAG mu buryo bunoze cyane

Mu gusudira MAG isanzwe, uko umuyoboro wo gusudira wiyongera, uburyo bwo kwimura amazi buhinduka kuva ku gukwirakwiza amazi mu buryo bugufi, gukwirakwiza amazi mu buryo bwa globular kugera ku gukwirakwiza amazi mu buryo bwa spray. Mu rwego rwo kwemeza ko amazi akozwe neza, umuyoboro ntarengwa wo kohereza amazi mu buryo bwa spray ni hafi 400A.

Mu gusudira MAG mu buryo bwo hejuru, hakoreshejwe neza imiterere y’imyuka irinda ibice byinshi no kongera insinga mu buryo bukwiye, umuvuduko wo gushonga kw’insinga ushobora kwiyongera cyane mu buryo budasanzwe bwo gusudira MAG mu buryo budasanzwe, kandi icyarimwe, imiterere y’uburyo bwo gusohora amazi nayo ihinduka cyane. Imiterere yayo y’ibanze ni: gusudira isanzwe, gusudira imashini ngufi mu buryo bwihuse, gusudira imashini izunguruka, no gusudira imashini mu buryo bwihuse.

• Uburyo busanzwe bwo kohereza spray: Mu rwego rwagusudira vuba cyane, umuvuduko wo kohereza spray mu nsinga uri hagati ya metero 15-20 ku munota.
• Umuvuduko wo kohereza amashanyarazi make ukoresheje umuvuduko mwinshi: Umuvuduko mwinshi wo kohereza insinga ngufi uboneka binyuze mu kugabanya voltage yo gusudira no kongera insinga yumye mu muvuduko wo kohereza insinga wa metero 15-20/minota. Bitewe n'ubwiyongere bw'insinga yumye kugeza kuri mm 40, impera y'insinga iragenda yoroha igatangira kuzenguruka, hamwe n'aho insinga ihurira na mm 1-2 uvuye ku murongo w'insinga. Insinga izenguruka itanga uburyo bwo kohereza insinga ngufi buri gihe ku mpande zombi z'insinga.
• Umugozi wo kohereza spray uzenguruka: Umugozi uzenguruka ukorwa iyo impera y'insinga yoroshywe n'umuvuduko mwinshi w'amashanyarazi kandi igahindurirwa inzira n'imbaraga z'umugozi. Ku nsinga zifite umurambararo wa mm 1-2, umuvuduko wo gukwirakwiza insinga usabwa kugera kuri 25m/min cyangwa hejuru, kandi umuvuduko wo gusudira ungana na 450A. Gutandukana kw'insinga y'umugozi kuva ku murongo w'insinga ni milimetero nyinshi, bishobora kubonwa n'amaso mu gihe cyo gusudira.
• Umusemburo wo kohereza spray wihuta cyane: Irangwa no kohereza ibitonyanga mu buryo bw'umurongo umwe, hamwe n'umuvuduko wo kohereza insinga urenga metero 20 ku munota, kandi ingano y'ibitonyanga ingana n'umurambararo w'insinga. Ugereranyije no kohereza ibitonyanga mu murongo umwe umwe, iyi nzira igira ingaruka nziza. Uburyo bwo gutandukanya ibitonyanga busubiramo muri ubwo buryo bumwe, kandi urumuri rw'amaraso rugufi, rwinshi, kandi rugaragara cyane ni rwo ruranga uburyo bwo kohereza ibitonyanga mu buryo bwihuta. Iyo insinga yoroshye imanuka, uburebure bw'insinga buragabanuka kandi inkingi y'insinga iraguka, hanyuma hagashyirwaho ikiraro cy'amazi hagati y'ikitonyanga cyashongeshejwe n'insinga. Ikiraro cy'amazi gikomeza gukandamizwa bitewe n'imbaraga za elegitoroniki zo gufunga, bigatuma insinga yagutse. Iyo ikiraro kiri hagati y'insinga n'ikitonyanga kiba gito bihagije, plasma irakorwa hirya no hino ku kiraro. Mu gihe ikiraro cyacitse, insinga yo kohereza ibitonyanga mu buryo bwihuta irasubira, yongera gukora umuyoboro muto kandi winshi wa plasma. Ku bijyanye n'uburyo bwo kohereza ibitonyanga mu buryo bwihuta, bitewe n'imiterere y'ubwinshi ariko buto, umuzi w'amazi ntushobora kuzuzwa neza n'icyuma gishongeshejwe.