Gusudira imirasire ya laser na arc welding bimaze igihe kinini bikoreshwa mu nganda, kandi bitanga uburyo bwinshi bwo gukoresha mu ikoranabuhanga rihuza ibikoresho. Buri buryo muri ubu buryo bufite aho buhuriye n’ikoreshwa ryabwo, nk’uko bisobanurwa n’imikorere y’ingufu zijyanwa ku gice cy’akazi ndetse n’ingufu zishobora kuboneka. Ingufu zituruka ku isoko y’umurasire wa laser zijya ku bikoresho kugira ngo zitunganywe hakoreshejwe imirasire ya infrared ifite ingufu nyinshi, hakoreshejwe insinga ya fibre-optic. Umurasire wohereza ubushyuhe bukenewe mu gusudira hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi menshi anyura ku gice cy’akazi binyuze mu nkingi ya arc. Imirasire ya laser ituma ahantu hafite ubushyuhe buke cyane hagira igipimo kinini cy’ubujyakuzimu bw’ubujyakuzimu n’ubugari bw’umushongi (ingaruka zo gusudira mu buryo bwimbitse). Ubushobozi bwo guhuza icyuho mu gikorwa cyo gusudira laser ni buke cyane, bitewe n’umurambararo muto w’icyerekezo, ariko ku rundi ruhande bushobora kugera ku muvuduko mwinshi cyane wo gusudira. Igikorwa cyo gusudira arc gifite ubucucike bw’ingufu buke cyane, ariko gitera ahantu hanini ku gice cy’akazi kandi kirangwa n’umuvuduko muto wo gutunganya. Mu guhuza izi nzira zombi, imikoranire myiza ishobora kugerwaho. Amaherezo, ibi bituma bishoboka kugera ku byiza by’ubwiza n’inyungu zo gukora no gutunganya umusaruro, ndetse no kunoza imikorere myiza y’ikiguzi. Ubu buryo butanga uburyo bushimishije kandi bunoze mu bukungu, haba mu nganda z’imodoka, cyane cyane kuko ubushobozi bwo gusimbuza burushaho kwiyongera, igipimo cyo guhuza kirashoboka, kandi ibipimo byiza cyane bya mekanike/ikoranabuhanga bishobora kugerwaho.
1. Intangiriro:
Byaramenyekanye uburyo bwo guhuza urumuri rwa laser n'umusemburo mu buryo bwo gusudira buvanze kuva mu myaka ya 1970, ariko nyuma y'igihe kirekire, nta kindi gikorwa cyo guteza imbere cyakozwe. Vuba aha, abashakashatsi bongeye kwita kuri iyi ngingo maze bagerageza guhuza ibyiza by'umusemburo n'ibya laser, mu buryo bwo gusudira buvanze. Mu gihe mu minsi ya mbere, amasoko ya laser yagombaga kwerekana ko akwiriye gukoreshwa mu nganda, muri iki gihe ni ibikoresho bisanzwe by'ikoranabuhanga mu bigo byinshi bikora.
Guhuza uburyo bwo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser n'ubundi buryo bwo gusudira byitwa "uburyo bwo gusudira hakoreshejwe hybrid". Ibi bivuze ko icyuma gifata urumuri n'icyuma gifata urumuri bikora icyarimwe mu gace kamwe ko gusudira, kandi bigaterana imbaraga kandi bigashyigikirana.
2. Umuti wa Lazeri:
Gusudira hakoreshejwe laser ntibisaba imbaraga nyinshi za laser gusa, ahubwo bisaba n'umuyoboro mwiza kugira ngo ubone "ingaruka nziza zo gusudira". Ubwiza bw'umuyoboro bushobora gukoreshwa kugira ngo ubone umurambararo muto cyangwa intera nini yo gutandukanya.
Ku mishinga y'iterambere iri gukorwa ubu, harakoreshwa laser ya solid-state ikoreshwa n'amatara ifite imbaraga za laser ya 4 kW. Itara rya laser ryoherezwa binyuze mu gitambaro cy'ikirahure cya 600 µ m.
Urumuri rwa laser rwoherezwa binyuze mu gitambaro cy'ikirahure, aho intangiriro n'iherezo bikonjeshwa n'amazi. Umurabyo wa laser ushyirwa ku gice cy'akazi hakoreshejwe module ifata umwanya ifite intera ya mm 200.
3. Uburyo bwa Laser Hybrid:
Ku bijyanye no gusudira ibice by'icyuma, umuyoboro wa laser wa Nd:YAG uba wibanda ku bushyuhe buri hejuru ya 106W/cm2. Iyo umuyoboro wa laser ugeze ku buso bw'ibikoresho, ushyushya aha hantu kugeza ku bushyuhe bwo guhumeka, maze hagakorwa umwobo w'umwuka mu cyuma gisudira bitewe n'umwuka w'icyuma usohoka. Ikintu kiranga umuyoboro wa weld ni igipimo cyawo cyo hejuru cy'ubujyakuzimu n'ubugari. Ubucucike bw'ingufu n'umuvuduko w'umuyoboro ushyushya buri hejuru gato ya 104 W/cm2. Ishusho ya 1 igaragaza ihame ry'ibanze ryo gusudira mu buryo bwa hybrid. Umuyoboro wa laser
Igaragazwa hano itanga ubushyuhe ku cyuma cyo gusudira kiri hejuru y’umushono, hiyongereyeho ubushyuhe buva kuri arc. Bitandukanye n’imiterere ikurikiranye aho inzira ebyiri zitandukanye zo gusudira zikora zikurikiranye, gusudira hakoreshejwe hybride bishobora gufatwa nk’uruvange rw’inzira zombi zo gusudira zikora icyarimwe mu gace kamwe. Bitewe n’uburyo bwo gusudira cyangwa laser bukoreshwa, no ku bipimo by’uburyo bwo gusudira, inzira zigira ingaruka ku rugero rumwe no mu buryo butandukanye [1, 2].
Kubera guhuza inzira ya laser n'inzira ya arc, hariho ukwiyongera k'ubujyakuzimu bw'ubushyuhe ndetse n'umuvuduko wo gusudira (ugereranije n'imwe mu nzira zikoreshwa ukwayo). Umwotsi w'icyuma uva mu gisenge cy'umwuka ugaruka ku maraso ya arc. Kwinjira k'imirasire ya laser ya Nd:YAG muri plasma itunganya biracyari bike cyane. Bitewe n'ikigereranyo cy'imbaraga ebyiri zatoranyijwe, imiterere y'inzira muri rusange ishobora kugenwa ku rugero runini cyangwa ruto haba hakoreshejwe laser cyangwa na arc [3,4].
Igishushanyo cya 1: Ishusho y'icyitegererezo: Gusudira hakoreshejwe LaserHybrid
Kumenya imirasire ya laser bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku bushyuhe bw'ubuso bw'ibikoresho. Mbere yuko igikorwa cyo gusudira laser gitangira, kubanza kugaragara neza bigomba kubanza kugabanuka, cyane cyane ku buso bwa aluminiyumu. Ibi bishobora kugerwaho binyuze mu gutangira gusudira hakoreshejwe gahunda yihariye yo gutangira. Nyuma y'ubushyuhe bwo gusukura umwuka, umwuka urakorwa, bigatuma hafi ya ingufu zose z'imirasire zishobora kwinjira mu bikoresho. Ingufu zikenewe muri ibi rero zigenwa n'uburyo ubushyuhe buterwa n'ubushyuhe n'ingano y'ingufu zatakaye.
binyuze mu gukwirakwiza mu gice gisigaye cy'igikoresho. Mu gusudira LaserHybrid, gushyushya ikirere ntibiba gusa ku buso bw'igikoresho ahubwo binaba no ku nsinga yuzuza, bivuze ko hari umwuka mwinshi w'icyuma uboneka, ibyo bigatuma imirasire ya laser yinjira. Ibi kandi birinda ko inzira igabanuka [5, 6, 7, 8, 9].
4. Porogaramu y'imodoka:
Ukoresheje ikoranabuhanga rya "space frame", birashoboka kugabanya ibiro bya 43% ugereranije n'imodoka y'icyuma.
Igishushanyo cya 2: Igitekerezo cya Audi Space frame A2
Agace k'imodoka ka Audi A2 Space gagizwe na Laser ya metero 30 (imirongo y'umuhondo iri ku ishusho ya 2) n'uburebure bwa metero 20 za MIG weld. Byongeye kandi, hari n'udupira 1700 dukoreshwa.
Igishushanyo cya 3: Kugereranya imyirondoro n'uburyo bwo guhuza imodoka kuri Audi-A2
Ishusho ya 4 igaragaza umugozi wa LaserHybrid uhujwe w'ibikoresho bya ALMg3 hamwe n'ibikoresho bya AlMgSi. Insinga yuzuza ni AlSi5 naho umwuka wo kurinda ukoreshwa ni Argon. Iyo imbaraga za laser ziyongera, kwinjira mu buryo bwimbitse birashoboka. Guhuza umugozi wa laser n'umugozi muri ubu buryo bigeraho ikidendezi kinini cyo gusudira kuruta uko bigenda ku mugozi wa laser ubwawo. Ibi bituma bishoboka gusudira ibice bifite icyuho kinini.
Igishushanyo cya 4: Ihuriro rifatanye rifite icyuho cya mm 0.5
Mu nganda z'imodoka hari uburyo bwinshi bwo gusudira hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo guhuza ibintu (interface welding) hatabayeho gutegura ingingo. Muri iki gihe, uburyo bugezweho bwo gusudira ni ugusuka hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa laser hamwe n'insinga ikonje, bitewe n'ubushyuhe bw'icyuma cya AA 6xxx. Iyo ingingo ihujwe n'insinga y'icyuma, ingufu nyinshi za laser ziratakara kugira ngo ishongeshe iyo nsinga y'icyuma.
Ishusho ikurikira igaragaza itandukaniro riri hagati ya LaserHybrid na Laser welding ku gice gihuriraho gifite umuvuduko wo gusudira wa 2.4m/min. Mu gihe cyo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser, nta buryo bwo kuzuza agasaro ko gusudira, kandi hakorwa undercut. Nanone, hari igice gito cyane cyinjira mu bikoresho by'ibanze. Ubugari bw'agasaro ko gusudira ni buto cyane, bityo imbaraga zo gukurura zizaba nke. Mu gihe cyo gusudira hakoreshejwe LaserHybrid,
Ibindi bikoresho bijyanwa muri pisine yo gusudira. Igice cyo hasi cyuzuzwamo insinga iva muri gahunda ya MIG, kandi igice cy'ingufu za laser ubu kirazigamwa. Izi ngufu za laser zizigamwe zishobora gukoreshwa mu kongera kwinjira mu bikoresho by'ibanze kandi ubugari bw'urushinge rwo gusudira buruta ubunini bw'ibikoresho, ibyo bikaba bisabwa mu buryo bw'imibare.
Ishusho ya 5. Igereranya hagati ya LaserHybrid na Laser welding idafite insinga zuzuza
Ukoresheje uburyo bwo gusudira bwa LaserHybrid, birashoboka gusudira ibikoresho bya Aluminiyumu, ibyuma n'ibyuma bitagira umugese kuva ku bunini bw'ibikoresho kugeza kuri mm 4. Iyo ubunini burenze urugero, kwinjiramo kwuzuye ntibishoboka. Kugira ngo uhuze ibikoresho bitwikiriwe na Zinc, ni byiza kandi gukoresha uburyo bwo gusimbuza laser.
Izindi porogaramu mu modoka ni gari ya moshi zikoresha ingufu, imigozi n'imizigo y'imodoka, aho uburyo bwo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser hybrid bushobora kuba bwiza.
Umutwe wo gusudira:
Umutwe wo gusudira ugomba kugira ingano ntoya za geometrike, kugira ngo umenye neza ko ibice bigomba gusudira byoroshye kubona, cyane cyane mu gice cy’umubiri wikora. Byongeye kandi, ugomba gutegurwa kugira ngo wemererwe guhuza neza umutwe wa roboti no guhindurwa kw'ibintu nk'intera y'ibanze, hamwe n'intera yo guhagarara kw'urumuri mu bice byose bya Cartesian. Ishusho ya 5 igaragaza umutwe wo gusudira, mu gihe igikorwa kirimo gukorwa. Gutonyanga bibaho mu gihe cyo gusudira bituma ikirahure gikingira kiyongera. Ikirahure cya quartz gitwikiriwe ku mpande zombi n'ibikoresho birwanya urumuri kandi bigamije kurinda sisitemu ya laser kwangirika.
Bitewe n'urwego rw'umwanda, umwanda utera ku kirahuri ushobora gutuma imbaraga za laser zikora ku gikoresho zigabanukaho 90%. Umwanda mwinshi muri rusange utuma ikirahuri gikingira cyangirika, kuko igice kinini cy'ingufu z'imirasire gihita cyinjizwa n'ikirahuri ubwacyo, bigatera ubushyuhe bwinshi mu kirahuri. Ukoresheje umutwe wo gusudira n'ibikoresho byo gusudira, birashoboka kubikoresha mu gusudira LaserHybrid, gusudira laser, gusudira MSG naUburyo bwo gufunga insinga zishyushye bwa laser.
Igishushanyo cya 6: Umutwe wo gusudira n'uburyo bwo gutunganya
5. Ibyiza byo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser Hybrid:
Ibyiza bikurikira bituruka ku guhuza umurambararo wa arc na laser: Ibyiza byo gusudira LaserHybrid kuruta gusudira laser:
• uburyo bworoshye bwo gukora ibintu
• ubushobozi bwo kunyuramo ibintu byinshi
• kwinjira cyane
• ikiguzi cy'ishoramari ry'imari n'imigabane kiri hasi
• ubushobozi bworoshye bwo kugenda
Ibyiza byo gusudira LaserHybrid kuruta gusudira MIG:
• umuvuduko wo gusudira uri hejuru
• kwinjira cyane ku muvuduko wo hejuru wo gusudira
• ubwiyongere bw'ubushyuhe buke
• imbaraga nyinshi zo gukurura
• imigozi mito yo gusudira
Igishushanyo cya 7: Ibyiza byo guhuza inzira zombi
Uburyo bwo gusudira arc burangwa n'isoko y'ingufu ihendutse, ubushobozi bwiza bwo guhuza ibiraro ndetse n'uburyo bwo kugira ingaruka ku nyubako binyuze mu kongeramo ibyuma byuzuza. Ku rundi ruhande, ibintu bitandukanya uburyo bwo gusudira arc ni ubujyakuzimu bukomeye, umuvuduko wo gusudira mwinshi, umutwaro muke w'ubushyuhe n'imirongo mito yo gusudira igeraho. Hejuru y'ubucucike bw'umuraba runaka, umuraba wa laser ukora "ingaruka zo gusudira cyane" mu bikoresho by'icyuma bituma ibice bifite ubugari bwinshi bw'inkuta bishobora gusudira - mu gihe imbaraga za laser ziri hejuru bihagije. Gusukura arc Hybrid bituma umuvuduko wo gusudira wiyongera, guhagarara neza kw'imikorere bitewe n'imikoranire hagati ya arc n'umuraba wa laser, kongera imikorere y'ubushyuhe no kwihanganira ibice by'akazi. Kubera ko pisine yo gusudira ari nto ugereranyije no muri gahunda ya MIG, hari uburyo budakoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi bityo hakabaho agace gato gafite ingaruka ku bushyuhe. Ibi bivuze ko gusudira ari kugabanuka.
guhindagurika, bigabanya ingano y'imirimo yo kugorora igomba gukorwa nyuma yo gusudira.
Aho hari pisine ebyiri zitandukanye zo gusudira, uburyo ubushyuhe bukurikiraho buva muri arc busobanura ko umuraba wa laser - agace gasudira - cyane cyane mu byuma - uhabwa uburyo bwo gushyushya nyuma yo gusudira, ugakwirakwiza agaciro k'ubukana ku buryo bungana mu gice cy'umugozi. Ishusho ya 6 igaragaza inyungu z'uburyo buhuriweho (ni ukuvuga hybrid).
Ubu noneho tugiye ku nyungu z’ubukungu zo gusudira hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga rya hybrid ugereranije no gusudira hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga rya laser, ibi bikurikira bishobora kuvugwa: Umugozi wo gusudira ugizwe n’igikoresho cya laser hamwe n’igice cya MIG. Uburyo bwo gusudira butuma bishoboka kugabanya imbaraga z’igikoresho cya laser, bivuze ko ikoreshwa ry’ingufu z’isoko rya laser rishobora kugabanuka cyane, kuko igikoresho cya laser gifite ubushobozi bwa 3% gusa. Mu yandi magambo: Kugabanuka kwa kW 1 mu mbaraga z’igikoresho cya laser bigira ingaruka ku kintu gikorerwamo imirimo bituma hagabanuka hafi kVA 35 mu ngufu zikoreshwa mu miyoboro y’amashanyarazi.
Igikoresho cy'amashanyarazi cya laser gitwara hafi 0.1 m EUR kuri buri kW 1 yaimbaraga z'umurabyo wa laserUrugero rumwe gusa, mu gihe ikoreshwa ry’uburyo bwo guhuza ibintu rituma bishoboka gukoresha igikoresho cya laser cya kW 2 aho gukoresha igikoresho gifite ingufu za kW 4 z’amashanyarazi, ibi bituma hagabanywa EUR 0.2 mu ishoramari. Ariko, tugomba kwibuka hano ko kuri ubwo buryo bwo guhuza ibintu, hakenewe imashini ya MIG igura hafi EUR 20.000.
Kubera umuvuduko wo gusudira uri hejuru, igihe cyo gukora ndetse n'ikiguzi cyo gusudira birashobora kugabanuka.
6. Uburyo bwo gufunga hakoreshejwe LaserHotwire:
Ubundi buryo bwo guhuza umurimbo wa laser n'insinga y'umunyururu ni uburyo bwa LaserHotwire [10]. Muri ubu buryo, insinga y'umunyururu ishyushywa n'isoko y'amashanyarazi imwe, ishobora gukoreshwa muriUburyo bwo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser HybridInsinga yuzuza ifite umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi kuva kuri 100 A kugeza kuri 220 A. Umuvuduko w'insinga uterwa n'igice cy'urukiramende rw'icyuma n'umuvuduko w'icyuma cyuzuza. Igikoresho cyuzuza, binyuze mu cyuma cyuzuza, gitanga ibikoresho byo gushushanya bishobora kurangizwa byoroshye kurusha imigozi isa n'iyo. Binyuze mu gushushanya ibice by'impapuro, imirimo yo gusana ishobora gukorwa mu buryo bworoshye kuruta uko byagenda ku ngingo zivanze. Imwe mu nyungu za LaserHotwire brazing ni uko irwanya ingese neza mu gace gafite icyuma cyuzuza.
Nk'ibyuma byuzuza, hakoreshwa alloys zihendutse zishingiye ku muringa nka SG-CuSi3 kandi Argon ikora nk'umwuka urinda.
Igishushanyo cya 8: Ishusho y'icyitegererezoUburyo bwo gufunga insinga zishyushye bwa laser:
Ishusho ikurikira igaragaza igice cy’ibikoresho bya Laser Hot brased. Ibikoresho bya zinc bipfutse bifite umuvuduko wa 3 m/min kandi insinga yuzuza ifite umuvuduko wa 205 A. Ubushyuhe bwinjira ni buke cyane, bityo rero kugoreka guke ni ingaruka z’uburyo bwo gufunga.
7. Incamake:
Gusudira hakoreshejwe laser Hybrid ni ikoranabuhanga rishya ritanga ubufatanye mu nzego zitandukanye zo gukoresha mu nganda zikora ibyuma, cyane cyane aho bidashoboka cyangwa bidashoboka mu rwego rw'imari kugira ngo habeho ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ibice bisabwa kugira ngogusudira imirasire ya laserUburyo bwinshi bwo gukoresha hamwe n'ubushobozi buhanitse bw'uburyo buhuriweho bitera imbaraga zo guhangana mu bijyanye no kugabanya ishoramari, igihe gito cyo gukora, ikiguzi gito cyo gukora no kongera umusaruro.
Uburyo bwa LaserHybrid butanga kandi uburyo bushya bwo gusudira aluminiyumu. Ariko, uburyo buhamye bushobora gukoreshwa mu bikorwa bwatangiye gushoboka vuba aha, bitewe n'imbaraga nyinshi ziboneka za lasers za leta ikomeye. Ubushakashatsi bwinshi bwasuzumye iby'ibanze by'uburyo bwo gusudira laser-arc-hybrid. Tuvuze "uburyo bwo gusudira hybrid", tuvuga guhuza uburyo bwo gusudira laserbeam n'uburyo bwo gusudira arc, hamwe n'agace kamwe gusa k'uburyo bwo gutunganya (plasma na melt). Ubushakashatsi bw'ibanze bwagaragaje ko uburyo bushoboka aho - mu guhuza uburyo bubiri - bushobora kugerwaho hamwe kandi ingaruka mbi za buri buryo butandukanye zishobora kwishyurwa, bigatuma habaho amahirwe yo gusudira yongerwa, ubushobozi bwo gusudira no kwizerana ku bikoresho n'inyubako zitandukanye. By'umwihariko, ibi byagaragajwe ku byuma bya aluminiyumu. Mu guhitamo ibipimo byiza by'uburyo bwo gutunganya, birashoboka kugira ingaruka ku miterere ya weld nka geometry n'imiterere y'imiterere. Uburyo bwo gusudira arc bwongera ubushobozi bwo gushyiramo ikiraro bwo kongeramo icyuma cyo kuzuza; kandi bigena ubugari bwa weld-seam bityo bigagabanya ingano y'uburyo bwo gutunganya workpiece bukenewe. Byongeye kandi, imikoranire ibaho hagati y’ibikorwa bituma umusaruro wiyongera cyane. Iyi gahunda yo guhuza ibintu isaba ishoramari rito cyane ugereranyije n’ikoreshwa rya laser.
Uburyo bwo gusiga insinga za Laser Hot bushobora gukoreshwa cyane cyane ku bikoresho bitwikiriwe na zinc kugira ngo bibone ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingese.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 18 Mata 2025
