Gusudira hakoreshejwe laser – Ingaruka z'ibipimo byo guhindagurika kw'impeta ku buryo bwo guhindura impeta (ARM) Gusudira hakoreshejwe laser mu byuma bya aluminiyumu

Gusudira hakoreshejwe laser – Ingaruka z'ibipimo byo guhindagurika kw'impeta ku buryo bwo guhindura impeta (ARM) Gusudira hakoreshejwe laser mu byuma bya aluminiyumu

1. Incamake

Ubu bushakashatsi bukora ubushakashatsi ku ngaruka z'ubwinshi n'umuvuduko w'ihindagurika ry'urumuri ku bwiza bw'ubuso, imiterere mito n'iy'uturemangingo, hamwe n'ubuso bw'uburyo bw'impeta ihinduka (ARM)ikoreshwa muri laser risudiyeA5083 aluminiyumu alloy plates. Ibisubizo bigaragaza ko uko ubwiyongere bw'ubwiyongere bw'ubwiyongere n'ubwiyongere bw'ubwiyongere bw'ubwiyongere bw'ubwiyongere bw'ubwiyongere bw'ubwiyongere bw'ubwiyongere bw'ubwiyongere bw'ubwiyongere bw'ubwiyongere bw'ubwiyongere bw'ubwiyongere bw'ubwiyongere bw'ubwiyongere bw'ubwiyongere bw'ubwiyongere bw'ubwiyongere bw'ubwiyongere bw'ubwiyongere bw'ubwiyongere bw'ubwiyongere bw'ubwiyongere bw'ubwiyongere bw'ubukonje. Ubusobe bw'ubwiyongere bw'ubwiyongere bw'ubwiyongere bw'ibipimo bya oscillation, bugera kuri 0.22% iyo ubwiyongere ari 2 mm. Tomografia ya X-ray ifite imiterere itatu ishimangira ingaruka zo ubwiyongere bw'ubwiyongere ku ikwirakwizwa ry'imyenge: imyenge minini ikunda kwibumbira inyuma y'ikidendezi cyashongeshejwe, mu gihe imyenge mito igaragaza uburinganire bwiza. Ubu bushakashatsi butanga ubumenyi bw'ingirakamaro bwo kunoza ibipimo bya oscillation kugira ngo haboneke ubusobe bwiza bwa laser muri A5083 aluminiyumu alloy.

2 Amateka y'inganda

Aloyi za aluminiyumu zifite akamaro ko kuba zifite uburemere bworoshye, imbaraga zidasanzwe, kandi zirwanya ingese neza, kandi zikoreshwa cyane mu nganda z'imodoka, gari ya moshi yihuta cyane, indege n'izindi nganda. Gusudira hakoreshejwe laser bifite akamaro ko gukora neza cyane, agace gato gaterwa n'ubushyuhe, no guhindura buhoro buhoro ibikoresho byo gusudira. Kubwibyo,Gusudira hakoreshejwe laser ni uburyo buhendutse bukwiriye amasahani manini, bishobora kugabanya cyane umubare w'inzira zo gusudira. Porosity ni inenge ikomeye mu gusudira hakoreshejwe laser alloys za aluminiyumu, bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku miterere y'imikorere y'ingingo zisudiwe. Kubwibyo, hakozwe ubushakashatsi bwimbitse kugira ngo hagabanuke kandi haveho ishyirwaho ry'ubworoherane, harimo kunoza gazi yo kurinda, gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rya dual-beam, gukoresha sisitemu z'ingufu za laser zihinduwe, no gukoresha uburyo bwo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser. Ikoranabuhanga ryo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser rigaragaza ubushobozi bwaryo bwo guhuza ibyiza byo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser n'imiterere yaryo. Gukoresha laser oscillating welding ntibigabanya gusa ubworoherane ahubwo binanoza imiterere y'ubworoherane no kongera ireme ry'ubworoherane. Inyigo nyinshi zibanze ahanini ku bintu bitandukanye byo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser oscillating, harimo kugabanya ubworoherane, kunoza ikwirakwizwa ry'ingufu, kunoza imiterere y'ibinyampeke, no kugaragaza uburyo amazi ashongeshwa mu kidendezi gishongeshejwe. Ikwirakwizwa ry'ingufu za laser rigira uruhare runini mu gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe n'ubujyakuzimu bw'ubworoherane bwa laser. Ku gihe runaka cyo gusudira, hamwe no kwiyongera k'umuvuduko wo gushakisha, inzira yo gusudira ihinduka kuva mu gusudira mu buryo bwimbitse ikagera mu gusudira idahindagurika, amaherezo ikagera mu gusudira hakoreshejwe ubushyuhe. Ibisubizo bigaragaza ko kongera uburebure n'inshuro byo gupima bishobora kugabanya porosity, ariko kandi bigabanya cyane uburebure bw'ubucucike bw'ubucucike, bityo bikagabanya imiterere ya mekanike y'ubucucike. Mu myaka ya vuba aha, laser ihindura uburyo bwa ring mode (ARM) yakozwe, igabanya ingufu za laser mo core ifite ubucucike bwinshi bw'ingufu n'impeta ifite ubucucike buke bw'ingufu, igamije gutuza umwobo w'urufunguzo no kunoza ireme ry'ubucucike. Abashakashatsi bakoresheje ARM laser oscillating welding kugira ngo basude 6xxx high-strength alloys alloys munsi y'ibipimo bitandukanye by'ingufu z ... Inyigo yuzuye ku ikwirakwizwa ry'ingufu za laser, imyitwarire y'ingufu za pool ishongeshejwe, n'imiterere mito munsi y'impinduka zitandukanye n'ubwinshi butandukanye bw'ingufu.

3. Intego n'uburyo bwo gukora igerageza

Ikoranabuhanga ryo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser izunguruka ryakoreshejwe mu gusudira aloyi za aluminiyumu. Ibikoresho by'ibanze (BM) byari aloyi ya aluminiyumu ya 5083-O ifite ingano ya 300mm × 100mm × 5mm (uburebure × ubugari × ubugari), kandi imiterere yayo ya shimi igaragara mu mbonerahamwe. Mbere yo gusudira, ingero zarasukuwe kugira ngo zikurweho agapira ka okiside y'ubuso, hanyuma zisukurwa na acetone mu bwogero bwa ultrasonic mu gihe cy'iminota 15 kugira ngo zikurweho amavuta yo hejuru.sisitemu yo gusudira hakoreshejwe laserIgizwe ahanini na roboti ya Kuka, laser ya disiki ya TruDisk 8001, na scanner ya galvanometer ya 3D PFO. Laser ya disiki ya TruDisk 8001 yakoreshejwe nk'isoko ya laser ihinduka ikoreshwa mu buryo bw'impeta, ifite igipimo cya fibre y'ibanze/impeta cya 100/400 μm n'imbaraga ntarengwa zo gutanga umusaruro za 8 kW (uburebure bwa wavelength bwa 1030 nm, parametre y'ubwiza bwa beam ya 4.0 mm·rad). Umurabyo wa laser ugizwe n'igice cy'ibanze n'igice cy'impeta, aho laser iri mu gice cy'ibanze cyo hagati ikora umwobo w'urufunguzo (60% by'ingufu za laser), kandi laser iri mu gice cy'impeta iha ubushyuhe bwiza (40% by'ingufu za laser), nk'uko bigaragara ku Ishusho (b). Uburebure bw'ibanze bwa collimator na lens yo gufatisha ni 138 mm na 450 mm, uko bikurikirana. Mu gihe cyo gusudira, kamera yihuta ya Phantom V1840 hamwe n'urumuri rwa Cavilux rufite frequency yo hejuru byakoreshejwe mu gukurikirana igikorwa cyo gusudira mu buryo nyabwo, hamwe n'umuvuduko wo kurasa wa 5000 fps n'igihe cyo kwerekana cya 1 μs. Muri ubu bushakashatsi, inzira yo gusimbuka k'umuraba uzenguruka, inzira yo kugenda kwa laser, n'umuvuduko w'ako kanya byasobanuwe nk'uko bigaragara ku ishusho.

Ibisubizo 4 n'ibiganiro

4.1 Imiterere y'Ubuso bw ... Mu by'ukuri, imiterere ya laser weld ifitanye isano n'ingendo y'umurabyo wa laser. Mu gihe cyo gusudira, impinduka mu bushobozi bwo gusimbuka no kwihuta kwazo zihindura umuvuduko wo gusudira, bityo bigira ingaruka ku bucucike bw'ingufu zigororotse n'ubwinjize bw'ubushyuhe bwose bwa laser. Imiterere y'ubucucike ifite ishusho ya "goblet", igizwe n'ibice bibiri: igice cyo hasi ni "igiti", naho igice cyo hejuru ni "igikombe". Ubujyakuzimu bw'ubwinjirire n'"igiti" bisobanurwa nka H1 na H2, uko bikurikirana, kandi ubugari bw'ubucucike ("igikombe") n'"igiti" bisobanurwa nka W1 na W2, uko bikurikirana. Ubugari bwa W1 na W2 bwombi buriyongera hamwe n'ubwiyongere bw'ubushobozi bwo gusimbuka, kandi imiterere ya weld ihinduka buhoro buhoro kuva ku ishusho ya "goblet" kugera ku ishusho ya "crescent". Ubucucike ntarengwa bw'ingufu za laser bugaragara aho inzira ihurira. Ugereranije Imibare (b, d) na (c, e), bigaragara ko kwiyongera k'umuvuduko wo gushakisha byongera agace k'inzira gahuriramo inzira yo gushakisha, bigatuma ikwirakwizwa ry'ingufu za laser rirushaho kuba rimwe. Ariko, kugabanuka k'ubucucike bw'ingufu ntarengwa bizatuma uburebure bw'ubucucike bugabanuka.

4.2 Imyitwarire y’Ikiyaga cyashongeshejwe Kugira ngo hasobanurwe neza ingaruka z’inzira yo gushakisha ku myitwarire y’ikiyaga cyashongeshejwe, hakoreshejwe sisitemu ya kamera yihuta cyane kugira ngo harebwe inzira y’ihindagurika ry’ikiyaga cyashongeshejwe n’umwobo w’imfunguzo. Ishusho (a) igaragaza inzira y’ihindagurika ry’ikiyaga cyashongeshejwe munsi y’inzira igororotse. Ishusho (bf) ni imbonerahamwe y’ihindagurika ry’ikiyaga cyashongeshejwe munsi y’ibipimo bitandukanye byo guhindagurika. Uko ubwiyongere bw’ihindagurika ry’izuba n’ubwinshi bwacyo, igice cy’inyuma cy’ikiyaga cyashongeshejwe kiba gifite uruziga rwinshi bitewe no kwaguka k’ubugari bw’ikiyaga cyashongeshejwe. Uko uburebure bw’ikiyaga cyashongeshejwe bwiyongera, ihindagurika ry’ubuso riterwa no guturika kw’umwobo w’imfunguzo riragabanuka mu gihe cyo gukwirakwira inyuma. Kubwibyo, icyuma cyashongeshejwe gikomera neza kandi buri gihe ku mpera y’inyuma y’ikiyaga cyashongeshejwe, kigakora ingano y’amafi yashongeshejwe. Ishusho igaragaza impinduka z’agace k’umwobo w’imfunguzo mu gihe cyo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser, ikomoka ku mashusho yihuta y’ikiyaga cyashongeshejwe. Nk’uko bigaragara ku Ishusho (a), mu gihe cyo gusudira hakoreshejwe umurongo ugororotse, ingano y’umwobo w’imfunguzo igaragaza ihindagurika rigaragara. Ingero nyinshi zo gufunga imfunguzo (0 mm²) zagaragaye, aho ubuso bw'imfunguzo bungana na 0.47 mm². Ukwiyongera k'uburebure bw'imfunguzo nabyo bishobora kugabanya ihindagurika no kunoza ubusugire. Ibi biterwa nuko mu gusudira imfunguzo, igice kinini cy'ingufu gikwirakwizwa ku mpande zombi. Kubwibyo, aho imfunguzo zisohokera imfunguzo ziragenda ziyongera, kandi ubushobozi bw'imfunguzo buriyongera, bityo bikongera umwanya wo gufungura. Ukwiyongera k'uburebure kwagura urwego rwo gukurura rw'imirasire ya laser, bigatera kwaguka k'umurongo w'imfunguzo ugenda uhinduka buri gihe. Bitewe n'ubukana bw'icyuma gishongeshejwe n'umuvuduko wa hydrodynamic bikora hafi y'urukuta rw'imfunguzo, ihindagurika ry'amazi riba mu kidendezi gishongeshejwe hafi y'ifunguzo. Kwaguka k'agace k'imfunguzo byongera ubusugire bwacyo, birinda kurema uduce tw'imfunguzo, bityo bikabuza cyane ubwiyongere bw'amazi.

4.3 Imiterere Mito Ishusho igaragaza imiterere ya EBSD y'igice cy'ubucukuzi munsi y'imivuduko itandukanye ya oscillation na amplitudes. Hafi y'umurongo wa fusion wa laser weld, ibinyampeke bya columnar dendrite bikura byerekeza hagati ya weld. Nkuko bigaragara ku Ishusho (a), hagati y'uturere twa "isahani" n'"igishishwa", itandukaniro rigaragara mu miterere y'ibinyampeke bya columnar rirashobora kugaragara. Ibinyampeke bya columnar bikwirakwizwa mu ishusho ya U ku rukuta rwa "isahani", mu gihe mu gace ka "igishishwa", ibinyampeke bya columnar bikwirakwizwa mu ishusho ya U ku murongo wa fusion. Mu gihe cyo gukomera kwa weld, ibinyampeke byakonjeshejwe igice mu gace ka fusion bikora nk'ahantu hanini ho gukomera imbere kandi bikura neza ku mupaka w'ikidendezi cyashongeshejwe ku cyerekezo cy'ubushyuhe ntarengwa. Iki kintu kibaho kubera ko imbaraga nyinshi za laser zituma habaho gushyuha cyane imbere muri pisine yo gusudira. Ubushyuhe bwinshi G n'igipimo cyo gukura kiri hagati R bituma G/R iruta urwego rwo guhindura imiterere ya microstructure, bigatuma habaho imiterere ya columnar. Ubushyuhe bwa G mu gice cyo gusudira bugabanuka, bigatuma igipimo cya G/R kigabanuka buhoro buhoro munsi y’umubare w’impinduka mu miterere, bigahinduka ibinyampeke bingana. Ibinyampeke bingana biri mu bice byo hagati by’ “igikombe” n’ “igiti”. Kubera ko “igishishwa” cy’icyuma cyo gusudira ari gito kandi cyegereye ibikoresho by’ibanze, gikomera burundu mbere y’agace k’ “igishishwa” mu gihe cyo gukonjesha. Igice cy’ “igishishwa” gikomeye gikora nk’ahantu hanini h’inyuma y’ “igishishwa”, bigatera imbere gukura kw’ibinyampeke by’inkingi. Ishusho igaragaza inzira zo gusudira zigororotse n’izizunguruka. Bigaragara ko impinduka zihoraho z’aho imirasire ya laser iri mu gusudira izunguruka ya laser zizongera uburebure bw’ikidendezi cyo hagati, bikongera gushonga icyuma cyari gisanzwe gikomeye, bigatuma igipimo cyo gukura kw’ibinyampeke kigabanuka. Ibi bishobora gutuma G/R igabanuka mu gace k’ibinyampeke gangana hasi.

4.4 Ikwirakwizwa ry'imirongo Isuzuma rya X-ray rifite imiterere itatu ryakoreshejwe mu gukora igenzura ryimbitse ry'umugozi, haboneka uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza imyenge mu myenge mu myenge, nk'uko bigaragara ku ishusho. Imirongo ibarwa nk'ingano yose y'imirongo igabanyijemo ingano yose y'umugozi. Mu kugereranya imiterere y'imirongo n'uburyo ikwirakwizwa ry'imirongo igororotse n'imirongo ikikije imirongo ikikije imiyonge, byagaragaye ko imirongo igororotse ifite imyenge minini, ifite imiterere ya 2.49%, ikaba iri hejuru cyane ugereranyije n'imirongo ikikije imiyonge.gusudira hakoreshejwe laser. Mu kugereranya Ishusho (b, c) na (d, e), bigaragara ko kongera inshuro yo guhindagurika bifasha mu kubuza ikorwa ry'imyenge. Mu kugereranya Ishusho (b, d) na (c, e), bigaragara ko kwiyongera k'uburebure bwo guhindagurika kw'imyenge nabyo bigira uruhare runini mu kubuza ikorwa ry'imyenge. Iyo uburebure bwo guhindagurika bwiyongereye kugera kuri mm 2 (Ishusho (f)), imyenge irushaho kugabanuka ikagera kuri 0.22%, hagasigara imyenge mito n'imyenge mito gusa. Ishusho igaragaza ikwirakwizwa ry'agace k'imyenge ku ntera itandukanye uvuye ku murongo wo hagati w'imyenge, bigaragaza imiterere y'imyenge ishingiye ku bunini bw'agace k'imyenge. Ku bijyanye no gusudira umurongo ugororotse, agace k'imyenge gakwirakwizwa ku murongo wo hagati w'imyenge, kandi kagenda gahoro gahoro uko intera iva ku murongo wo hagati w'imyenge yiyongera. Ibisubizo bigaragaza ko imyenge iterwa n'imfunguzo ahanini iba inyuma y'ikidendezi cyashongeshejwe ku murongo wo hagati w'imyenge. Ku bijyanye no gusudira hakoreshejwe laser, uburinganire bw'ikwirakwizwa ry'imyenge burushaho kuba buto. Ishusho igaragaza agace k'imyenge ku ntera zitandukanye uvuye ku buso bw'imyenge, aho umurongo utukura ugaragaza umupaka uri hagati y'uturere tw' "inkombe" n'"imirongo". Ku bijyanye n'imyenge minini ikomeye (Ishusho (ac)), agace k'imyenge kari hejuru y'umupaka karenga 85%. Ibi biterwa nuko ihinduka ry'imiterere ku mupaka muremure wa itudinal rishobora gufata imyenge muri pisine y'imyenge, kandi imyenge ifatwa ikunda kwimuka bitewe n'imbaraga zo kumanuka. Ku bijyanye n'imyenge mito ikomeye (Ishusho (df)), imyenge iba yiganje muri ako gace muri mm 0.5 munsi y'umupaka. Igihe gito cyo gukonja no kwimuka guto hejuru bishobora kuba impamvu y'iki kintu.

Umwanzuro 5

(1) Uburyo butandukanye bwo kuzunguruka hakoreshejwe laser bugira ingaruka zigaragara ku buso bwo gusudira. Ubwinshi bw'ubunini n'inshuro nyinshi bishobora kongera ubwiza bw'ubuso, mu gihe ibipimo by'izunguruka bikabije bishobora kongera ubukana no guteza inenge zo mu gice cy'imbere.

(2) Imiterere y'ubushuhe igenwa ahanini n'ibipimo bya laser oscillation, bigira ingaruka ku muvuduko wo gusudira, ikwirakwizwa ry'ingufu, n'ubwiyongere bw'ubushyuhe. Uko ubwiyongere bw'ubushuhe bwo guhindagurika bwiyongera, imiterere y'ubushuhe ihinduka kuva kuri "goblet" kugera kuri "crescent", kandi igipimo cy'ubushuhe kiragabanuka.

(3) Uko ubwinshi n'umuvuduko w'ingufu bikomeza kwiyongera, ikidendezi gishongeshejwe kiba kinini kandi igice cy'inyuma kikaba kizengurutse. Ingaruka z'ingufu ziyongera uburebure bw'ikidendezi gishongeshejwe, ibyo bikaba ingirakamaro mu gusohoka kw'ibibyimba no gukomera kimwe. Mu gihe cyo gusudira umurongo ugororotse, agace k'imfunguzo gahinduka; mu buryo bunyuranye, iri hindagurika rishobora kugabanuka, bigatuma ubusudi burushaho gukomera.

(4) Kongera ubwinshi bw'ubwiyongere bw'ingufu n'inshuro bigabanya ubushyuhe n'umuvuduko wo gukura, ibyo bikaba ingirakamaro mu kurema ingano nini z'ibinyampeke. Ariko, ingaruka zo gukurura hakoreshejwe laser zifasha mu kunoza ingano y'ibinyampeke no kunoza imbaraga z'imiterere. Mu buryo butandukanye bwa laser, ubukana bw'ubucucike buguma buhamye, buri hasi gato ugereranyije n'ubw'ibikoresho by'ibanze, bishobora guterwa no kubura kwa manyeziyumu mu mwuka.

(5) Gupima X-ray mu buryo butatu bigaragaza ko gusudira mu buryo bugororotse bifite porosity iri hejuru (2.49%) kandi bifite ingano nini y'imyenge kurusha gusudira izunguruka. Kongera ibipimo byo gusudira bishobora kugabanya cyane porosity, ndetse bikagera kuri 0.22% iyo amplitude ari 2 mm. Ikwirakwizwa ry'agace k'imyenge rihinduka bitewe no gusudira: imyenge minini ihurira inyuma y'ikidendezi cyashongeshejwe, kandi imyenge mito ifite uburinganire bwiza. Imyenge minini ikwirakwizwa cyane hejuru y'umupaka uri hagati y'uduce tw' "inkombe" n' "uduti", mu gihe imyenge mito iba iri munsi y'umupaka.