1.1 Gusudira hakoreshejwe imirasire ya laser byiganje mu nganda, bifite amahirwe yo gukura neza kurusha gukata no gushyira ibimenyetso
Ibikoresho byo gusudira hakoreshejwe laseriherereye hagati mu muyoboro w’inganda. Igice cyo hejuru cy’umuyoboro w’inganda za laser kirimo ibikoresho by’urumuri, ibice by’urumuri n’ibikoresho by’urumuri, ibice by’imashini, nibindi. Igice cyo hagati kigizwe na laser n’ibikoresho bya laser. Laser ni byo bice by’ingenzi by’ibikoresho bya laser, kandi ibikoresho byo gutunganya laser birimo cyane cyane gukata laser, gusudira laser, n’ibikoresho byo gushyira ikimenyetso kuri laser. Igice cyo hasi kirimo bateri za lithium, semiconductors, photovoltaics, ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga bikoreshwa n’abantu, nibindi.
Isoko rya laser rifite ubushobozi bwinshi, aho laser za fiber ari zo ziganje, mu gihe laser za solid-state zikwiriye gukoreshwa mu gukora micro-machining. Dukurikije imibare ya Laser Focus World, ingano y'isoko rya laser ku isi yazamutse kuva kuri miliyari 13.07 z'amadolari mu 2017 igera kuri miliyari 16.01 z'amadolari mu 2020, hamwe na CAGR ya 13.37%. Ugereranije, isoko rya laser mu Bushinwa ryazamutse kuva kuri miliyari 6.95 z'amadolari mu 2017 rigera kuri miliyari 10.91 z'amadolari mu 2020, hamwe na CAGR ya 16.22%. Kuva mu 2017 kugeza 2020, umugabane w'Ubushinwa ku isoko rya laser ku isi wazamutse kuva kuri 53.2% kugera kuri 68.1%. Mu 2020, laser z'inganda zari 32.2% by'isoko ry'isoko ku isi, bituma urwego rw'inganda ari rwo rukoreshwa cyane. Zishyizwe mu byiciro hakurikijwe uburyo bwo gukura, laser zigizwe ahanini na laser za fiber, laser za solid-state (usibye fiber lasers), laser z'amazi, na laser za gaz. Mu 2020, laser za fiber na laser za solid-state zari 52.7% na 16.7% byaporogaramu za laser zo mu nganda, uko bikurikirana, hamwe na fiber lasers ziganje mu nganda. Ugereranyije na fiber lasers, solid-state lasers zifite ibyiza nko kuba zifite imbaraga nyinshi n'uduce duto duterwa n'ubushyuhe, bigatuma zikoreshwa mu gukora micro-machines nziza.
Laser za YAG na laser za fibre imwe imwe ifite imbaraga zayo. Laser za YAG ni laser za solid-state zifite matrix ya crystal ya YAG. Ibyiza byazo birimo: ① ubushobozi bwo gusudira icyarimwe cyangwa gusangira umwanya; ② imbaraga nyinshi, zikwiriye gusudira ahantu hatandukanye; ③ ikiguzi gito, itanga inyungu ku giciro, nibindi. Ugereranyije na laser za fibre, laser za YAG zifite icyuho runaka mu bwiza bw'imirasire n'ubushobozi bwo guhindura amashanyarazi. Ariko, bitewe n'imbaraga nke za laser za fibre, ntabwo zifite inyungu zikomeye ugereranyije na laser za YAG mu gusudira. Bitewe n'uburyo bwihariye bwo gukoresha, laser za YAG na fiber zishobora gukoreshwa mu gusudira bateri z'amashanyarazi.
Gukata, gusudira, no gushyira ikimenyetso ni byo bikorwa by'ingenzi bya laser zo mu nganda. Mu 2020, gukata, gusudira, no gushyira ikimenyetso byari 40.62%, 13.52%, na 12.6% by'isoko ry'ikoreshwa rya laser. Nyuma yo kwiyongera cyane kuva mu 2014 kugeza 2017, ibikoresho byo gukata laser ubu bihanganye cyane n'ibiciro bitewe n'abanywanyi biyongera. Gushyira ikimenyetso ni laser igezweho ifite isoko rihamye. Ifite inyungu mu kuzamuka kwagusudira hakoreshejwe laser ikoreshwa mu ntokindetse n'iterambere ryinshi rya bateri z'amashanyarazi zo hasi, ikoreshwa rya sudira ryitezwe ko rizakomeza kwiyongera cyane mu myaka mike iri imbere.
Ugereranyije no gukata no gushyira ikimenyetso, gusudira hakoreshejwe laser bifite ibisabwa byinshi mu bya tekiniki. Gusudira hakoreshejwe laser bifite amateka magufi yo guteza imbere ugereranyije no gukata no gushyira ikimenyetso hakoreshejwe laser, kandi ingorane zo gukora na zo ni nyinshi. Gukata no gushyira ikimenyetso hakoreshejwe laser bikoresha laser kugira ngo byangize ubuso cyangwa imiterere rusange y'ibikoresho, mu gihe gusudira hakoreshejwe laser kugira ngo bishongeshe kandi byubake bundi bushya inyubako z'ibikoresho. Gusana ibikoresho, ugereranije no gusenya inyubako byoroshye, bisaba ibipimo byo hejuru bya laser n'uburyo bwo kubitunganya.
Ugereranyije no gusudira gakondo, gusudira hakoreshejwe laser bifite ibyiza bikomeye. Ugereranyije no gusudira hakoreshejwe laser, gusudira hakoreshejwe arc, no gusudira hakoreshejwe electron beam, gusudira hakoreshejwe laser bitanga ibyiza nko kwihuta cyane, guhindura ibintu mu buryo buciriritse, kudakenera ibidukikije byinshi, ubucucike bwinshi bw'ingufu, kudakoresha imbaraga za rukuruzi, gukoresha ibikoresho bidatwara amashanyarazi, kudakenera ahantu hadakoresha umwuka, no kudakoresha X-ray mu gihe cyo gusudira. Ikoreshwa cyane mu nganda zikora neza cyane, cyane cyane mu modoka nshya zikoresha ingufu n'inganda zikoresha bateri z'amashanyarazi. Bateri z'amashanyarazi zikoresha ahantu henshi ho gusudira hagoye cyane kandi hakenewe neza. Ibyiza byihariye byo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser bishobora kunoza cyane umutekano wa bateri, kwizerwa, uburinganire, kugabanya ikiguzi, no kongera igihe cyo kuyikoresha.
Isoko ry’ibikoresho byo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser ririmo kwiyongera cyane. Kuva mu 2016 kugeza 2020, isoko ry’ibikoresho byo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser mu Bushinwa ryavuye kuri miliyari 38.2 z’amayuani rigera kuri miliyari 69.2 z’amayuani, rifite CAGR ya 15.79%. Ugereranije, isoko ry’ibikoresho byo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser mu Bushinwa ryavuye kuri miliyari 4.17 z’amayuani rigera kuri miliyari 11.05 z’amayuani, rifite CAGR ya 27.59%, iruta izamuka ry’ibikoresho byo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser muri rusange.
II. Ibiranga imashini zisudira hakoreshejwe laser
- Ubuhanga bwo hejuru: Umurabyo wa laser ufite ahantu hato cyane, bigatumagusudira neza cyaneNi nziza ku bicuruzwa bisaba ubuziranenge bwo gusudira, nk'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga n'ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi.
- Umuvuduko wo hejuru: Gusudira hakoreshejwe laser byihuta, birushaho kunoza umusaruro. Ugereranyije n'uburyo gakondo bwo gusudira, bishobora kurangiza imirimo myinshi yo gusudira mu gihe gito.
- Agace Gato Gaterwa n'Ubushyuhe: Gusudira hakoreshejwe laser bigabanya kwangirika k'ubushyuhe ku bikoresho bitewe n'agace kabyo gaterwa n'ubushyuhe. Ibi bivuze ko imiterere y'ibikoresho nyuma yo gusudira igabanuka, bigatuma imikorere myiza ya mekanike n'ubwiza bw'isura ikomeza kuba myiza.
- Guhuza ibintu bikomeye: Imashini zisudira hakoreshejwe laser zishobora gusudira ibikoresho bitandukanye, harimo ibyuma, pulasitiki, na ceramic. Ku gusudira ibikoresho bitandukanye, ibipimo bya laser gusa ni byo bigomba guhindurwa.
- Imashini zikoresha ikoranabuhanga rigezweho: Imashini zisudira hakoreshejwe laser zishobora guhuzwa n'ibikoresho byikora kugira ngo zigere ku musaruro wikora, ibyo bikaba bigabanya gusa imikorere myiza ahubwo binagabanya ikiguzi cy'abakozi n'ubukana bwabo.
3.1 Imiterere y'Ubuso bwo Gusudira hakoreshejwe Laser
Ikoranabuhanga ryo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser rikoreshwa cyane mu nganda nyinshi bitewe n'ubuhanga bwaryo bwo hejuru, umuvuduko, no koroshya. Dore uburyo bw'ingenzi rikoreshwamo:
- Inganda z'Imodoka: Gusudira hakoreshejwe laser bikoreshwa cyane mu nganda zikora imodoka, cyane cyane mu bwubatsi bw'imizigo. Imibare igaragaza ko abarenga 80% by'abakora imodoka ku isi bakoresha laser mu gusudira imiterere y'imizigo kugira ngo bongere ubukonje n'uburemere. Binakoreshwa mu gukora ibice bya moteri, sisitemu zisohora umwotsi, na sisitemu z'umwuka.
- Mu by’ikirere: Mu by’ikirere, gusudira hakoreshejwe laser bihabwa agaciro kubera ubushobozi bwabyo bwo gutanga imikoranire ikomeye cyane. Bikoreshwa mu gukora ibyuma by’indege, imiterere y’amababa, n’ibice by’ibyogajuru kugira ngo imiterere y’indege ibe myiza kandi irusheho kuba yoroheje. Raporo zigaragaza ko gusudira hakoreshejwe laser bishobora kugabanya uburemere bw’indege ho 20% mu gihe bizigama ikiguzi.
- Ibikoresho by'Ubuvuzi: Gusudira hakoreshejwe laser bigira uruhare runini mu gukora ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi, cyane cyane ku bice by'ubuhanga bikozwe mu byuma bitanduye na titaniyumu. Bituma habaho gusudira neza kandi nta mwanda, kandi bihura n'ibisabwa mu isuku n'ubuziranenge ku bikoresho by'ubuvuzi.
- Inganda z'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga: Mu bikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga, gusudira hakoreshejwe laser bikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gupakira insinga zivanze, ibikoresho bya semiconductor, n'ibikoresho bya optoelectronic. Agace kayo gato gaterwa n'ubushyuhe kagabanya kwangirika k'ubushyuhe ku bice by'ikoranabuhanga byoroheje, bigatuma ikoreshwa cyane mu guteranya ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga bifite ubucucike bwinshi.
- Ibikoresho by'ubuhanga: Mu gukora ibikoresho by'ubuhanga, gusudira hakoreshejwe laser bikoreshwa mu masaha, imitako, n'ibindi bicuruzwa by'akataraboneka bitewe n'ubushobozi bwabyo bwo kugera ku buhanga bwo hejuru,gusudira byo mu rwego rwo hejuruBituma ibi bicuruzwa bihorana isura nziza kandi bigakomeza kumererwa neza mu gihe kirekire.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-12-2025
