Inkubi y'umuyaga ya Laser – Impinduka mu ikoranabuhanga mu gihe kizaza mu ikoranabuhanga rya laser rifite imirasire ibiri 2

1. Ingero z'ishyirwa mu bikorwa

1) Urubaho rwo gusobekeranya

Mu myaka ya 1960, Toyota Motor Company yatangiye gukoresha ikoranabuhanga ridafite imashini. Ni uguhuza impapuro ebyiri cyangwa nyinshi hamwe hakoreshejwe gusudira hanyuma zikabikwamo kashe. Izi mpapuro zishobora kugira ubugari butandukanye, ibikoresho, n'imiterere itandukanye. Bitewe n'uko ibisabwa mu mikorere n'imikorere y'imodoka birimo kuzigama ingufu, kurengera ibidukikije, umutekano w'imodoka, n'ibindi, ikoranabuhanga ryo gusudira ryarushijeho gukurura abantu benshi. Gusudira plaque bishobora gukoresha gusudira ahantu hatandukanye, gusudira plaque,gusudira hakoreshejwe laser, gusudira arc ya hydrogen, nibindi. Muri iki gihe,gusudira hakoreshejwe laserikoreshwa cyane cyane mu bushakashatsi bwo mu mahanga no mu gukora ahantu hakozwe mu buryo bwihariye.

Mu kugereranya ibyavuye mu igerageza n'ibyavuye mu ibarura, ibisubizo birahuye neza, bigenzura ukuri kw'icyitegererezo cy'isoko ry'ubushyuhe. Ubugari bw'umugozi wo gusudira munsi y'ibipimo bitandukanye by'imikorere bwarabazwe kandi buhoro buhoro bunonosorwa. Amaherezo, igipimo cy'ingufu z'umugozi cya 2:1 cyarashyizweho, imigozi ibiri yashyizwe hamwe, umugozi munini w'ingufu wari hagati y'umugozi wo gusudira, naho umugozi muto w'ingufu wari ku isahani nini. Bishobora kugabanya neza ubugari bw'umugozi. Iyo imigozi ibiri iri kuri dogere 45 uvuye kuri imwe. Iyo ishyizwe hamwe, umugozi ukora ku isahani nini n'isahani nto uko bikurikirana. Bitewe no kugabanuka k'umurambararo w'umugozi wo gushyushya neza, ubugari bw'umugozi nabwo buragabanuka.

2）Ibyuma bitandukanye bya aluminiyumu

Ubushakashatsi buriho bufata imyanzuro ikurikira: (1) Uko igipimo cy'ingufu z'imirasire kiyongera, ubugari bw'ikintu kiri hagati y'icyuma kiri mu gace kamwe k'aho icyuma gihurira/gikoresha aluminum alloy bugenda bugabanuka buhoro buhoro, kandi ikwirakwizwa rirushaho kuba rihoraho. Iyo RS=2, ubugari bw'urwego rwa IMC ruri hagati ya mikoroni 5-10. Uburebure ntarengwa bwa IMC "imeze nk'urushinge" buri hagati ya mikoroni 23. Iyo RS=0.67, ubugari bw'urwego rwa IMC ruri munsi ya mikoroni 5, naho uburebure ntarengwa bwa IMC "imeze nk'urushinge" buri hagati ya mikoroni 5.6. Ubunini bw'ikintu kiri hagati y'icyuma bugabanuka cyane.

(2)Iyo laser ifite imirasire ibiri ikoreshwa mu gusudira, IMC iri ku gice cy’ubuso bw’icyuma/aluminium iba idakora neza. Ubugari bw’urwego rwa IMC ku gice cy’ubuso bw’icyuma/aluminium hafi y’igice cy’icyuma/aluminium buba bunini, bufite ubugari ntarengwa bwa mikoroni 23.7. Uko igipimo cy’ingufu z’imirasire cyiyongera, iyo RS = 1.50, ubugari bw’urwego rwa IMC ku gice cy’ubuso bw’icyuma/aluminium buracyari bunini kuruta ubunini bw’igice cy’icyuma kiri mu gace kamwe k’igice cy’ubuso bw’icyuma.

3. Ihuriro rifite ishusho ya T rigizwe na aluminiyumu na litiyumu

Ku bijyanye n'imiterere y'ingufu z'imigozi ya laser ya aluminiyumu ya 2A97, abashakashatsi bigaga ku gukomera kwa micro, imiterere yo gukurura n'imiterere y'umunaniro. Ibisubizo by'ibizamini bigaragaza ko: agace ko gusudira k'umugozi wa laser wa aluminiyumu ya 2A97-T3/T4 koroshye cyane. Coefficient ni hafi 0.6, ibi bikaba bifitanye isano ahanini no gushonga no kugorana kw'imvura mu gice cyo gukomera; coefficient y'imbaraga z'umugozi wa aluminiyumu wa 2A97-T4 waluminiyumu wa IPGYLR-6000 fibre laser ishobora kugera kuri 0.8, ariko plasticity ni nke, mu gihe fibre ya IPGYLS-4000gusudira hakoreshejwe laserIngufu z'ingingo za aluminiyumu 2A97-T3 zisutsweho na laser ni hafi 0.6; inenge mu mwenge ni inkomoko y'imivune iterwa n'umunaniro mu ngingo za aluminiyumu 2A97-T3 zisutsweho na laser.

Mu buryo bw'ihuza, hakurikijwe imiterere itandukanye ya kristu, FZ igizwe ahanini na kristu za columnar na kristu za equiaxed. kristu za columnar zifite icyerekezo cyo gukura cya EQZ, kandi icyerekezo cyazo cyo gukura kiba giteganye n'umurongo wo guhuza. Ibi biterwa nuko ubuso bw'ingano ya EQZ ari agace ka nucleation kakozwe neza, kandi gushonga k'ubushyuhe muri iki cyerekezo ni ko kwihuta cyane. Kubwibyo, umurongo wa kristu wa mbere w'umurongo wo guhuza uhagaze ukura cyane kandi impande ziragabanuka. Uko kristu za columnar zikura zerekeza hagati mu gice cyo guhuza, imiterere y'imiterere irahinduka maze kristu za columnar zigakora. Hagati mu gice cyo guhuza, ubushyuhe bw'ikidendezi cyashongeshejwe buba buri hejuru, igipimo cyo gushonga k'ubushyuhe kiba kimwe mu byerekezo byose, kandi ingano zikura ku buryo bungana mu byerekezo byose, zigakora kristu za equiaxed. Iyo umurongo wa kristu wa dendrite za equiaxed uhuye neza n'umurongo w'ingero, ingano zigaragara nk'indabyo zishobora kugaragara mu cyiciro cya metallographic. Byongeye kandi, bitewe no gukonjesha cyane kw'ibice byo mu gace k'ubushuhe, imigozi yoroheje igaragara mu gace k'ubushuhe bw'igice cy'ubushuhe gifite ishusho ya T, kandi imiterere y'ibinyampeke mu gice cy'ubushuhe gifite ishusho ya T itandukanye n'imiterere y'ibinyampeke ya EQZ. Isura imwe. Kubera ko uburyo bwo gushyushya bwa TSTB-LW butandukanye n'ubwo muri TSTB-LW, hari itandukaniro rigaragara mu miterere ya macromorphology na microstructure. Igice cy'ubushuhe cy'uburyo butandukanye cya TSTB-LW cyahuye n'ibihe bibiri by'ubushuhe, bigaragaza imiterere ibiri ya pisine ishongeshejwe. Hari umurongo ugaragara wo guhuza imbere muri ubwo bushuhe, kandi pisine ishongeshejwe ikorwa no gusudira ubushuhe ni nto. Mu buryo butandukanye bwa TSTB-LW, ubushuhe bwinjira mu kirere bugirwaho ingaruka n'uburyo bwo gushyushya bwa soldering bushyuhe. Dendrite zo mu bwoko bwa columnar na dendrite zihwanye zegereye umurongo wa kabiri w’ingufu zifite imipaka mike yo mu bwoko bwa subgrain kandi zihinduka kristu za columnar cyangwa cellulaires, bigaragaza ko Uburyo bwo gushyushya bwo gusudira ubushyuhe butanga ingaruka ku bushyuhe ku byuma bicukura byimbitse. Kandi ingano y’ibice bya dendrite biri hagati mu byuma bicukura ubushyuhe ni mikoroni 2-5, nto cyane ugereranyije n’ingano y’ibice bya dendrite biri hagati mu byuma bicukura byimbitse (mikoroni 5-10). Ibi bifitanye isano ahanini no gushyushya cyane kw’ibice ku mpande zombi. Ubushyuhe bufitanye isano n’igipimo cyo gukonjesha gikurikiraho.

3) Ihame ryo gusudira ifu ya laser ifite imirasire ibiri

4)Imbaraga nyinshi zo gusoda

Mu igerageza ryo gusudira ifu ya laser ifite imirasire ibiri, kubera ko imirasire ibiri ya laser ikwirakwijwe impande zombi z'insinga y'ikiraro, uburebure bwa laser n'igice cy'ubutaka ni bunini kuruta ubwo gusudira ifu ya laser ifite imirasire imwe, kandi ingingo zisodwa ziturukaho ziba zihagaze ku nsinga y'ikiraro. Icyerekezo cy'insinga ni kirekire cyane. Ishusho ya 3.6 igaragaza ingingo zisodwa zabonetse hakoreshejwe gusudira ifu ya laser ifite imirasire imwe n'iy'ibiro bibiri. Mu gihe cyo gusudira, niba ari ifu ya laser ifite imirasire ibiri.gusudira hakoreshejwe laseruburyo cyangwa umurambararo umwegusudira hakoreshejwe laserUburyo, ikidendezi runaka gishongeshejwe kibaho ku bikoresho by'ibanze binyuze mu gutwara ubushyuhe. Muri ubu buryo, icyuma gishongeshejwe kiri mu kidendezi gishongeshejwe gishobora gukora isano ya metallurgike n'ifu ya alloy ishongeshejwe ubwayo, bityo bigatuma habaho gusudira. Iyo ukoresheje laser ifite imirasire ibiri mu gusudira, imikoranire hagati y'umurasire wa laser n'ibikoresho by'ibanze ni imikoranire hagati y'ahantu hakora imirasire ibiri ya laser, ni ukuvuga imikoranire hagati y'ibidendezi bibiri bishongeshejwe byakozwe na laser ku bikoresho. Muri ubu buryo, ihuriro rishya rivamo. Agace kanini kuruta ako murasire umwe.gusudira hakoreshejwe laser, bityo imiyoboro y'ubudozi iboneka hakoreshejwe imirasire ibirigusudira hakoreshejwe laserzikomeye kurusha umurambararo umwegusudira hakoreshejwe laser.

2. Gushobora gushongeshwa no gusubirwamo cyane

Mu murabyo umwegusudira hakoreshejwe laserigerageza, kubera ko hagati y'aho laser yibanda bikora ku nsinga nto y'ikiraro, insinga y'ikiraro ifite ibisabwa byinshi kurigusudira hakoreshejwe laserIbipimo by'imikorere, nko gukwirakwiza ingufu za laser zitangana n'ubugari bw'ifu y'icyuma kitangana. Ibi bizatuma insinga zicika mu gihe cyo gusudira ndetse binatume insinga z'ikiraro zihinduka umwuka. Mu buryo bwo gusudira laser ifite imirasire ibiri, kubera ko aho imirasire ibiri ya laser iherereye hadakora ku nsinga nto z'ikiraro, ibisabwa bikomeye ku bipimo by'imikorere ya laser ku nsinga z'ikiraro biragabanuka, kandi ubushobozi bwo gusudira no gusubiramo birarushaho kuba byiza.