Ugereranyije n'ikoranabuhanga gakondo ryo gusudira,gusudira hakoreshejwe laserifite ibyiza bitagereranywa mu gutunganya neza ibikoresho byo gusudira, gukora neza, kwizerwa, gukora ikoranabuhanga n'ibindi. Mu myaka ya vuba aha, yateye imbere cyane mu bijyanye n'imodoka, ingufu, ikoranabuhanga n'ibindi, kandi ifatwa nk'imwe mu ikoranabuhanga ritanga icyizere mu gukora ibikoresho mu kinyejana cya 21.
1. Incamake y'imirongo ibirigusudira hakoreshejwe laser
Imirasire ibirigusudira hakoreshejwe laserni ugukoresha uburyo bw'izuba kugira ngo utandukanye laser imwe mu mirasire ibiri itandukanye y'urumuri mu gusudira, cyangwa gukoresha ubwoko bubiri butandukanye bwa laser kugira ngo uhuze, nka laser ya CO2, Nd: laser ya YAG na laser ya semiconductor ifite imbaraga nyinshi. Byose bishobora guhuzwa. Byatekerejweho ahanini kugira ngo hakemurwe uburyo bwo guhuza laser n'uburyo bwo guteranya neza, kunoza uburyo bwo guhuza, no kunoza ubwiza bw'ubusudi.gusudira hakoreshejwe laserIshobora guhindura ubushyuhe bwo gusudira mu buryo bworoshye kandi bworoshye ihindura igipimo cy'ingufu z'imirasire, intera y'imirasire, ndetse n'imiterere y'ikwirakwizwa ry'ingufu z'imirasire ibiri ya laser, igahindura imiterere y'aho imyobo y'urufunguzo iherereye n'imiterere y'amazi y'icyuma mu kidendezi cyashongeshejwe. Itanga amahitamo menshi y'uburyo bwo gusudira. Ntabwo ifite gusa ibyiza byogusudira hakoreshejwe laserkwinjira, umuvuduko wihuse n'ubuhanga bwo hejuru, ariko kandi birakwiriye ibikoresho n'ingingo bigoye gusudira hakoreshejwe uburyo busanzwegusudira hakoreshejwe laser.
Ku bw'imitako ibirigusudira hakoreshejwe laser, tubanza kuganira ku buryo bwo gushyira mu bikorwa laser ifite imirasire ibiri. Inyandiko zuzuye zigaragaza ko hari uburyo bubiri bw'ingenzi bwo kugera ku gusudira ifite imirasire ibiri: gukwirakwiza no gushyira ku murongo urumuri. By'umwihariko, bumwe bugerwaho hakoreshejwe guhindura inguni n'intera ya laser ebyiri binyuze mu ndorerwamo zicukumbura n'indorerwamo zicukumbura. Ubundi bugerwaho hakoreshejwe isoko ya laser hanyuma bukibanda mu ndorerwamo zicukumbura, indorerwamo zicukumbura n'indorerwamo zifite ishusho y'umuraba kugira ngo haboneke imirasire ibiri. Ku buryo bwa mbere, hari ubwoko butatu ahanini. Uburyo bwa mbere ni uguhuza laser ebyiri binyuze mu mirasire y'urumuri hanyuma zikagabanywamo imirasire ibiri itandukanye munsi y'indorerwamo imwe icukumbura n'indorerwamo icukumbura. Ubwa kabiri ni uko laser ebyiri zisohora imirasire ya laser binyuze mu mitwe yazo icukumbura, maze hagakorwa icyuma gicukumbura gikurikije aho imitwe icukumbura iherereye. Uburyo bwa gatatu ni uko icyuma gicukumbura cya laser kibanza gucibwamo indorerwamo ebyiri 1 na 2, hanyuma kigashyirwa ku murongo n'indorerwamo ebyiri zicukumbura 3 na 4. Aho ibintu bibiri biherereye n'intera iri hagati y'aho hantu habiri hashobora guhindurwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo guhindura inguni z'indorerwamo ebyiri za 3 na 4. Uburyo bwa kabiri ni ugukoresha laser ya solid-state kugira ngo uce urumuri kugira ngo ubone imirasire ibiri, kandi uhindure inguni n'intera binyuze mu ndorerwamo ireba kure n'indorerwamo ireba kure. Amashusho abiri ya nyuma mu murongo wa mbere uri hepfo agaragaza sisitemu ya spectroscopic ya laser ya CO2. Indorerwamo irambuye isimbuzwa indorerwamo ifite ishusho nk'iy'agace gato hanyuma igashyirwa imbere y'indorerwamo ireba kure kugira ngo uce urumuri kugira ngo ubone urumuri rungana rw'imirasire ibiri.
Nyuma yo gusobanukirwa ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'imitako ibiri, reka tuvuge muri make amahame n'uburyo bwo gusudira. Mu mitako ibirigusudira hakoreshejwe laserUburyo bwo gukora, hari imiterere itatu ihuriweho y'imigozi, ari yo imiterere y'uruhererekane, imiterere ingana n'imiterere y'uruhererekane. Imyenda, ni ukuvuga ko hari intera haba mu cyerekezo cyo gusudira no mu cyerekezo gihagaze cyo gusudira. Nk'uko bigaragara ku murongo wa nyuma w'ishusho, hakurikijwe imiterere itandukanye y'umwobo muto n'ibidendezi bishongeshejwe bigaragara munsi y'intera itandukanye y'ahantu mu gihe cyo gusudira uruhererekane, bishobora kugabanywamo ibice bitatu: ikidendezi, ikidendezi gisanzwe gishongeshejwe n'ikidendezi gishongeshejwe kitandukanijwe. Imiterere y'ikidendezi kimwe gishongeshejwe n'ikidendezi gishongeshejwe kitandukanijwe isa n'iy'ikintu kimwegusudira hakoreshejwe laser, nk'uko bigaragara mu gishushanyo mbonera cy'imibare. Hari ingaruka zitandukanye ku buryo butandukanye bwo gukora ibintu.
Ubwoko bwa 1: Munsi y'aho runaka haherereye, imyobo ibiri y'imfunguzo ikora umwobo munini uhuriweho mu kidendezi kimwe cyashongeshejwe; ku bwoko bwa 1, bivugwa ko umwobo umwe w'urumuri ukoreshwa mu gukora umwobo muto, naho undi muyobo w'urumuri ugakoreshwa mu gusudira ubushyuhe, ibi bishobora kunoza neza imiterere y'icyuma cya karubone nyinshi n'icyuma cya alloy.
Ubwoko bwa 2: Ongera intera y'ahantu muri pisine imwe ishongeshejwe, tandukanya imiringoti ibiri mo imyobo ibiri yigenga, kandi uhindure imiterere y'amazi ya pisine ishongeshejwe; ku bwoko bwa 2, imikorere yayo ingana no gusudira imiringoti ibiri ya electron, Igabanya imiringoti yo gusudira n'imiringoti idasanzwe ku burebure bukwiye.
Ubwoko bwa 3: Ongera intera y'ahantu kandi uhindure igipimo cy'ingufu z'imirongo ibiri, ku buryo imwe muri iyo mirongo ibiri ikoreshwa nk'isoko y'ubushyuhe mu gutunganya mbere yo gusudira cyangwa nyuma yo gusudira mu gihe cyo gusudira, naho indi mirongo igakoreshwa mu gukora utwobo duto. Ku bwoko bwa 3, ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko iyo mirongo ibiri ikora umwobo w'urufunguzo, umwobo muto ntabwo woroshye gusenyuka, kandi iyo mirongo ntabwo yoroshye gukora utwobo.
2. Ingaruka z'uburyo bwo gusudira ku bwiza bw'ubusudi
Ingaruka z'igipimo cy'ingufu z'uruhererekane rw'imirasire ku miterere y'umushono wo gusudira
Iyo imbaraga za laser ari 2kW, umuvuduko wo gusudira ni 45 mm/s, ingano ya defocus ni 0 mm, naho intera y'umuraba ikaba 3 mm, imiterere y'ubuso bwo gusudira iyo uhinduye RS (RS = 0.50, 0.67, 1.50, 2.00) ni nk'uko bigaragara ku ishusho. Iyo RS = 0.50 na 2.00, isudi iracikagurika cyane, kandi hari byinshi bipfa ku nkengero z'umuraba, hatabayeho gukora imiterere isanzwe y'ubunini bw'amafi. Ibi biterwa nuko iyo igipimo cy'ingufu z'umuraba ari gito cyane cyangwa kinini cyane, ingufu za laser ziba nyinshi cyane, bigatuma umwobo wa laser uhindagurika cyane mu gihe cyo gusudira, kandi igitutu cyo gusubira inyuma cy'umwuka gitera gusohora no gusuka kw'icyuma cyo mu kidendezi cyashongeshejwe mu kidendezi cyashongeshejwe; Ubushyuhe bwinshi butuma ubujyakuzimu bw'ikidendezi cyashongeshejwe ku ruhande rwa aluminiyumu buba bunini cyane, bigatera ihungabana bitewe n'imbaraga rukuruzi. Iyo RS = 0.67 na 1.50, imiterere y'ubunini bw'amafi ku buso bw'ubudozi iba ingana, imiterere y'ubudozi iba nziza cyane, kandi nta miyoboro igaragara yo gusudira, imyenge n'ibindi bibazo byo gusudira ku buso bw'ubudozi. Imiterere y'ibice by'ubudozi bifite ingano zitandukanye z'ingufu z'imirasire RS ni nk'uko bigaragara ku ishusho. Igice cy'ubudozi kiri mu "shusho isanzwe y'ikirahure cya divayi", bigaragaza ko inzira yo gusudira ikorwa mu buryo bwo gusudira bwa laser deep penetration. RS ifite ingaruka zikomeye ku bujyakuzimu bwo kwinjira bwa P2 bw'ubudozi ku ruhande rwa aluminiyumu. Iyo igipimo cy'ingufu z'imirasire RS = 0.5, P2 ni mikoroni 1203.2. Iyo igipimo cy'ingufu z'imirasire ari RS = 0.67 na 1.5, P2 igabanuka cyane, ari byo mikoroni 403.3 na mikoroni 93.6 uko bikurikirana. Iyo igipimo cy'ingufu z'imirasire ari RS = 2, ubujyakuzimu bwo kwinjira bw'igice cy'ubudozi ni mikoroni 1151.6.
Ingaruka z'igipimo cy'imbaraga n'imirasire ku miterere y'umushongi wo gusudira
Iyo imbaraga za laser ari 2.8kW, umuvuduko wo gusudira ni 33mm/s, ingano ya defocus ni 0mm, naho intera y'umurambararo ikaba 1mm, ubuso bwo gusudira buboneka binyuze mu guhindura igipimo cy'ingufu z'umurambararo (RS=0.25, 0.5, 0.67, 1.5, 2, 4). Ishusho igaragara ku ishusho. Iyo RS=2, imiterere y'ubunini bw'amafi ku buso bw'umurambararo iba idahuje. Ubuso bw'umurambararo buboneka n'izindi ngero eshanu zitandukanye z'ingufu z'umurambararo buba bwarakozwe neza, kandi nta nenge zigaragara nk'imyenge n'amacandwe. Kubwibyo, ugereranije n'imirongo ibiri ikurikiranye.gusudira hakoreshejwe laser, ubuso bwo gusudira hakoreshejwe imirasire ibiri ingana buringaniye burarushaho kuba bwiza kandi bungana. Iyo RS = 0.25, haba hari agace gato k'ubuso bw'ubuso; uko igipimo cy'ingufu z'umurasire kigenda cyiyongera buhoro buhoro (RS = 0.5, 0.67 na 1.5), ubuso bw'ubuso bw'ubuso buba bumwe kandi nta gace k'ubuso bubaho; icyakora, iyo igipimo cy'ingufu z'umurasire kikomeje kwiyongera (RS = 1.50, 2.00), ariko hari uduce tw'ubuso bw ... Iyo RS = 0.5, 0.67 na 1.5, uburebure bwa P2 bw'umusemburo ku ruhande rwa aluminiyumu buba buto, kandi igice cyawo kiba cyarakozwe neza kandi nta nenge zigaragara zo gusudira ziba zarakozwe. Ibi bigaragaza ko igipimo cy'ingufu z'imirasire mu gihe cyo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser ebyiri gihuza nacyo bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku nenge zo kwinjira no gusudira.
Umugozi ugororotse – ingaruka z'intera y'umugozi ku miterere y'umugozi wo gusudira
Iyo imbaraga za laser ari 2.8kW, umuvuduko wo gusudira ni 33mm/s, ingano ya defocus ni 0mm, naho igipimo cy'ingufu z'imirasire RS = 0.67, hindura intera y'imirasire (d = 0.5mm, 1mm, 1.5mm, 2mm) kugira ngo ubone imiterere y'ubuso bwa weld nk'uko ishusho ibigaragaza. Iyo d = 0.5mm, 1mm, 1.5mm, 2mm, ubuso bwa weld buba bworoshye kandi burambuye, kandi imiterere iba nziza; imiterere y'ubuso bwa weld iba isanzwe kandi nziza, kandi nta myenge igaragara, imyanya n'izindi nenge. Kubwibyo, munsi y'imiterere ine y'ubuso bwa weld, ubuso bwa weld buba bwarakozwe neza. Byongeye kandi, iyo d = 2 mm, hakorwa ubuso bubiri butandukanye, bigaragaza ko imirasire ibiri ya laser ijyanye nayo itagikora ku kidendezi cyashongeshejwe, kandi ntishobora gukora ubuso bwa laser buvanze bubiri bukora neza. Iyo intera y'umurabyo iri kuri 0.5mm, umurabyo uba ufite ishusho nk'iy'umufuru, uburebure bwa P2 bw'umurabyo ku ruhande rw'umurabyo wa aluminiyumu ni mikoroni 712.9, kandi nta cyuho, imyenge n'ibindi bidafite ubusembwa biri mu murabyo. Uko intera y'umurabyo ikomeza kwiyongera, uburebure bwa P2 bw'umurabyo ku ruhande rw'umurabyo wa aluminiyumu bugabanuka cyane. Iyo intera y'umurabyo iri kuri mm 1, uburebure bwa weld ku ruhande rw'umurabyo wa aluminiyumu ni mikoroni 94.2 gusa. Uko intera y'umurabyo irushaho kwiyongera, umurabyo ntukora neza ku ruhande rw'umurabyo wa aluminiyumu. Kubwibyo, iyo intera y'umurabyo iri kuri mm 0.5, ingaruka zo gusubiramo imirasire ibiri ni nziza cyane. Uko intera y'umurabyo yiyongera, uburyo bwo gushyushya bugabanuka cyane, kandi ingaruka zo gusubiramo imirasire ibiri zigenda zirushaho kuba mbi.
Itandukaniro mu miterere y’ubushuhe riterwa n’uburyo butandukanye bwo gutembera no gukonjesha kw’ikidendezi cyashongeshejwe mu gihe cyo gusudira. Uburyo bwo kwigana imibare ntibushobora gusa gutuma isesengura ry’imihangayiko y’ikidendezi cyashongeshejwe rirushaho kuba ryiza, ahubwo bunagabanya ikiguzi cy’igerageza. Ishusho iri hepfo igaragaza impinduka mu kidendezi cyashongeshejwe ku ruhande hamwe n’umuraba umwe, imiterere itandukanye n’intera y’ahantu. Imyanzuro y’ingenzi irimo: (1) Mu gihe cy’umuraba umwegusudira hakoreshejwe laserUburyo bwo gukora, ubujyakuzimu bw'umwobo w'ikidendezi cyashongeshejwe ni bwo bwimbitse cyane, hari ikintu cyo gusenyuka k'umwobo, urukuta rw'umwobo ntirumeze neza, kandi aho amazi anyura hafi y'urukuta rw'umwobo ntihangana; hafi y'ubuso bw'inyuma bw'ikidendezi cyashongeshejwe. Gusubiramo amazi birakomeye, kandi hari aho amazi anyura hejuru hepfo y'ikidendezi cyashongeshejwe; aho amazi anyura hejuru y'ubuso bw'ikidendezi cyashongeshejwe ni hato kandi buhoro, kandi ubugari bw'ikidendezi cyashongeshejwe ntibungana mu cyerekezo cy'ubujyakuzimu. Hari ikibazo giterwa n'igitutu cyo gusubira inyuma ku rukuta mu kidendezi cyashongeshejwe hagati y'utwobo duto turi mu miyoboro ibiri.gusudira hakoreshejwe laser, kandi ihora ibaho mu cyerekezo cy'ubujyakuzimu bw'umwobo muto. Uko intera iri hagati y'imirongo ibiri ikomeza kwiyongera, ubucucike bw'ingufu z'umuyoboro bugenda buhinduka kuva ku gasongero kamwe kugera ku gasongero ka kabiri. Hari agaciro gato hagati y'imirongo ibiri, kandi ubucucike bw'ingufu bugenda bugabanuka buhoro buhoro. (2) Ku mirongo ibirigusudira hakoreshejwe laser, iyo intera iri hagati ya mm 0-0.5, uburebure bw'ibinogo bito by'ikidendezi cyashongeshejwe bugabanuka gato, kandi imiterere y'amazi yose y'ikidendezi cyashongeshejwe isa n'iy'umuraba umwe.gusudira hakoreshejwe laser; iyo intera y'ahantu iri hejuru ya mm 1, imyobo mito iratandukana burundu, kandi mu gihe cyo gusudira Nta buryo bwo guhuza hagati ya laser ebyiri, bungana n'uburyo bwo gusudira laser ebyiri zikurikiranye/zibiri zijyanye hamwe zifite imbaraga za 1750W. Nta ngaruka zo gushyushya zibaho, kandi imyitwarire y'amazi yo mu kidendezi cyashongeshejwe isa n'iyo gusudira laser imwe. (3) Iyo intera y'ahantu iri hagati ya mm 0.5-1, ubuso bw'inkuta z'imyobo mito buba buringaniye muri ubwo buryo bubiri, uburebure bw'imyobo mito bugenda bugabanuka buhoro buhoro, kandi hasi hagenda hatandukana buhoro buhoro. Ihungabana hagati y'imyobo mito n'amazi yo mu kidendezi cyashongeshejwe hejuru ni mm 0.8. Ikomeye cyane. Ku gusudira serial, uburebure bw'ikidendezi cyashongeshejwe buriyongera buhoro buhoro, ubugari ni bwo bunini iyo intera y'ahantu ari mm 0.8, kandi ingaruka zo gushyushya zigaragara cyane iyo intera y'aho ari mm 0.8. Ingaruka z'imbaraga za Marangoni zigenda zigabanuka buhoro buhoro, kandi amazi menshi y'icyuma atembera ku mpande zombi z'ikidendezi cyashongeshejwe. Gira ubugari bw'amazi bushongeshejwe burusheho kuba bumwe. Ku bijyanye no gusudira mu buryo bungana, ubugari bw'ikidendezi cyashongeshejwe bugenda bwiyongera buhoro buhoro, kandi uburebure bukaba ntarengwa kuri 0.8mm, ariko nta ngaruka zo gushyushya zibaho; kongera gutembera hafi y'ubuso buterwa n'imbaraga za Marangoni bihora bibaho, kandi kongera gutembera hasi hepfo y'umwobo muto birashira buhoro buhoro; aho amazi anyura ntabwo ari heza nkuko bimeze. Ni ingenzi cyane, guhungabana ntikugira ingaruka ku mpande zombi z'ikidendezi cyashongeshejwe, kandi ubugari bwashongeshejwe ntibukwirakwira neza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-12-2023
