Ibikoresho bya Lazeri
Ibikoresho bya laser bishobora kugabanywamo ibice bitatu: imashini zigaragaza ibimenyetso bya laser, imashini zisudira laser, n'imashini zica laser. Imashini zigaragaza ibimenyetso bya laser zirimo imashini zigaragaza ibimenyetso bya laser za semiconductor, imashini zigaragaza ibimenyetso bya laser za CO2, imashini zigaragaza ibimenyetso bya laser za fiber, imashini zigaragaza ibimenyetso bya laser za ultraviolet, nibindi; ubu, imashini zisudira laser zirimo imashini zisudira laser za YAG na imashini zisudira laser za fiber-optic, nibindi; imashini zica laser zirimo imashini zica laser za YAG na imashini zica fiber laser, nibindi.
Ibikubiye mu nyandiko by'ibanze
Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwaimashini zigaragaza ibimenyetso bya laserDukurikije imiterere itandukanye ya laser, zishobora kugabanywamo imashini zigaragaza fibre laser, imashini zigaragaza dioxyde de carbone, imashini zigaragaza semiconductor laser, imashini zigaragaza ultraviolet laser, n'imashini zigaragaza green laser. Muri zo, fiber, dioxyde de carbone, semiconductor, na ultraviolet laser zikoreshwa mu gutunganya ubuso bw'ibicuruzwa, mu gihe laser y'icyatsi kibisi ikoreshwa mu gushyira ikimenyetso imbere mu birahure na kristu, bityo laser y'icyatsi kibisi nayo yitwa imashini zo gushushanya imbere. Ibicuruzwa by'ubwoko bwose (ibyuma, ibiti, ibikoresho bishingiye ku mazi, bidashobora gushya, n'ibishingiye ku butaka) bishobora gutunganywa n'imashini zigaragaza laser!
Imashini ya laser ya YAG
Laser ya YAG ni laser ifite imiterere ikomeye ifite uburebure bwa 1.064um mu gice cya infrared. Ikoresha itara rya krypton nk'isoko y'ingufu (isoko y'ingufu) na ND:YAG (Laser ya Nd:YAG; Nd (neodymium) ni ikintu cy'isi kidasanzwe, YAG ihagarariye yttrium aluminium garnet, ifite imiterere isa n'iya rubi) nk'uburyo bwo gukora laser. Isoko y'ingufu itanga urumuri rw'uburebure runaka, bigatuma ikintu gikora kigera ku guhinduka kw'abaturage, kurekura laser binyuze mu mpinduka z'urwego rw'ingufu, kongera ingufu za laser, kuyishushanya no kuyishyira ku murongo kugira ngo ikore urumuri rwa laser rushobora gukoreshwa.
Imashini ya Laser ya Semiconductor
Imashini ikoresha laser ikoresha semiconductor ikoresha laser diode ya semiconductor ifite uburebure bwa 0.808um (ifite uruhande cyangwa impera) kugira ngo ikore Nd:YAG medium, ku buryo iyo mashini ikora uduce twinshi tw’ibice bihinduriwe inyuma, dukora laser nini cyane ifite uburebure bwa 1.064um munsi y’igikorwa cya Q-switch, ifite ubushobozi bwo guhindura amashanyarazi. Ugereranyije n’imashini ikoresha laser ya YAG ikoresha amatara, imashini ikoresha laser ikoresha semiconductor ifite ibyiza byo kudahungabana neza, kuzigama ingufu, kudakenera gusimbuza amatara, nibindi, ariko igiciro kiri hejuru.
Imashini Igaragaza Fiber Laser
Igizwe ahanini n'ibice bitatu: laser, scanner ya galvanometer, na karita yo gushyira ikimenyetso. Ni icyuma gikoresha fibre laser kugira ngo gikore laser. Ifite ubwiza bwiza bw'imirasire, ifite uburebure bwa 1064nm, kandi igihe cyo gukora cy'imashini yose ni amasaha agera ku 100.000, ari na cyo kirekire kurusha ubundi bwoko bw'imashini zikoresha laser. Ingufu zo guhindura amashanyarazi n'amatara zirenga 28%, bifite inyungu nini ugereranyije n'ubushobozi bwo guhindura 2%-10% bw'ubundi bwoko bw'imashini zikoresha laser, kandi ifite imikorere myiza mu kubungabunga ingufu no kurengera ibidukikije.
Imashini yo gushyira ikimenyetso kuri laser ya CO2
Laser ya CO2 ni laser ya gaze ifite ubunini bwa 10.64um mu gice cya infrared cya kure. Ikoresha gaze ya CO2 yuzuye mu muyoboro wo gusohora nk'uburyo bwo gukora laser. Iyo ingufu nyinshi zishyizwe kuri electrodes, urumuri rusohoka mu muyoboro wo gusohora, bishobora gutuma molekile za gaze zisohora laser. Nyuma yo kongera ingufu za laser, hakorwa urumuri rwa laser rwo gutunganya ibintu.
Imashini Igaragaza Imirasire ya Laser ya Ultraviolet
Imashini ishyira ibimenyetso kuri laser ya ultraviolet ifite laser ya ultraviolet yimbitse, sisitemu ya galvanometer yihuta cyane ituruka hanze, nibindi; bitewe n'aho mashini ishyira ibimenyetso kuri laser ya ultraviolet iba nto cyane ndetse n'agace gato gafite ingaruka ku bushyuhe mu gihe cyo kuyitunganya, imashini ishyira ibimenyetso kuri laser ya ultraviolet ishobora gukora ibimenyetso byiza cyane no gushyira ibimenyetso ku bikoresho byihariye. Ni ibicuruzwa bikunzwe cyane ku bakiriya bafite ibisabwa byinshi ku bijyanye no gushyira ibimenyetso. Imashini ishyira ibimenyetso kuri laser ya ultraviolet ifite imiterere yo guhindura amashanyarazi kuri electro-optical, kumara igihe kirekire ikora nk'ikirahure kidahindagurika, imikorere ihamye y'imashini yose, gukora neza cyane, gukora neza cyane, no gushushanya neza kugira ngo byoroshye kuyishyiraho no kuyibungabunga. Byongeye kandi, agakoresho k'imashini gafite imiterere ibiri gashobora gushyirwaho ibikoresho bitandukanye kugira ngo gakoreshwe mu gushyira ibimenyetso bihoraho cyangwa mu buryo bunini.
Imashini yo gushyira ikimenyetso cya Yttrium Aluminium Garnet
Uburyo bukora ni bukomeye, kandi laser itanga urumuri rwa 1060nm hafi y'agace ka infrared. Ifite ubwoko bubiri:ubwoko bw'ikaramu ihoraho n'ubwoko bw'ikaramu yoroheje. Mu guhindura ingufu zisohoka, imirasire ya laser ifite ubukana butandukanye irashobora kuboneka. Inzira zo gushyira ibimenyetso zirimo uburyo bwo guconga (ikimenyetso cyijimye), uburyo bwo gufuro (ikimenyetso cyoroheje) n'uburyo bwo gushyira ibimenyetso (ikimenyetso cyanditsweho), hamwe n'ubwiza bwiza bwo gushyira ibimenyetso.
Imashini yo gushyira ikimenyetso kuri Excimer
Ishobora gusohora imiraba y'urumuri iri mu rugero rwa ultraviolet (100 ~ 400nm), kandi imikorere yayo igizwe n'uruvange rwa helium, argon, krypton, imyuka ya neon na halogens nka chlorine, fluorine, bromine, na iyode.
Imashini Ishyira Ikimenyetso cya Laser y'icyatsi kibisi
Imashini ikoresha laser y'icyatsi kibisi ikoresha pompe yo ku ruhande, itandukanye n'imashini ikoresha laser ya semiconductor kandi ifite ibyiza bifatika: 532nm green laser output, small focused spot diameter, inguvu nyinshi, electro-optical transformation ikora neza, hamwe n'ubwiza bwiza bw'imirasire. Imashini yose ifite uburinzi bwiza n'uburyo bworoshye bwo kugenzura ibimenyetso, ikoresha PLC program control kugira ngo ikore startup imwe. Ibikoresho birakwiriye cyane mu gushushanya hejuru y'ibicuruzwa by'ibirahure, nka ecran za terefone zigendanwa, ecran za LCD, ibikoresho by'urumuri (nk'amalenzi y'urumuri), ibirahure by'imodoka, nibindi. Muri icyo gihe, ishobora gukoreshwa mu gutunganya hejuru y'ibikoresho byinshi by'icyuma n'ibitari iby'icyuma cyangwa gutunganya filime zo gusiga, nk'ibikoresho, ibumba, indorerwamo n'amasaha, mudasobwa, ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga, ibikoresho bitandukanye, PCB na control panels, nameplates na display boards, plastike, nibindi. Ifite imikorere ihenze cyane ugereranije n'ibindi bikoresho bisa. Igiciro cyayo kirahenze cyane.
Gukata laser ni uko icyuma gicamo laser kitambitse gisohoka na laser gihinduka icyuma gicamo laser gihagaze giturutse hasi binyuze mu ndorerwamo ya 45°, hanyuma kigashyirwa ku ibara ry'umutuku, hanyuma kigahuzwa n'ahantu hato cyane ku gice cy'ingenzi. Ubucucike bw'ingufu za laser bushyirwa aho hantu buri hejuru ya 10^6~10^9W/cm^2. Igice cy'akazi kiri ku gice cyacyo cy'ingenzi gicamo urumuri n'icyuma gicamo laser gifite ubucucike bwinshi, bizatanga ubushyuhe bwinshi bwo mu gace kacyo burenze 10000°C, bigatuma igikoresho gicamo umwuka ako kanya. Hanyuma, icyuma gicamo umwuka gitwarwa n'umwuka w'inyongera wo gukata, kugira ngo icyuma gicamo umwobo muto cyane. Mu kugenda kw'igikoresho cya CNC, utwobo duto twinshi turahuzwa kugira ngo dukore ishusho wifuza. Kubera inshuro nyinshi cyane zo gukata laser, guhuza buri mwobo muto kuragenda neza cyane, kandi ibicuruzwa byaciwe bifite imiterere miremire.
Gusudira hakoreshejwe laser bikoresha ingufu nyinshi kugira ngo bishyushye ibikoresho biri ahantu hato. Ingufu z'imirasire ya laser zikwirakwira imbere mu bikoresho binyuze mu gushyushya, bigashongesha ibikoresho kugira ngo bikore ikidendezi cyihariye cyashongeshejwe. Ni ubwoko bushya bw'uburyo bwo gusudira, ahanini bugamije gusudira ibikoresho bifite inkuta nto n'ibice bito. Bushobora gukora isudira y'ahantu hato, gusudira ikibuno, gusudira imigozi, gusudira imigozi, nibindi, hamwe n'ubugari buhanitse, ubugari buto bwo gusudira, agace gato gafite ingaruka ku bushyuhe, guhinduka guto, umuvuduko wo gusudira vuba, umushonge wo gusudira ugororotse kandi mwiza, nta mpamvu yo gusudira nyuma yo gusudira cyangwa gusa kuvurwa byoroshye, ubuziranenge bwo gusudira, nta myenge, kugenzura neza, ahantu hato ho gushyira urumuri, uburyo bwo gushyira ibintu mu mwanya mwiza, no koroshya gukora automation.
Gusana Ibikoresho bya Laser
1. Sukura ama-lens, yobora inkingi z'amazi kandi usukure imyanda iri ku ntebe y'akazi buri munsi; Uburyo bwo gusukura ama-lens: Mu gusukura ama-lens, ugomba gukoresha ethanol idafite amazi cyangwa alcool 98% nk'amazi yo gusukura. Shyira ipamba rito muri alcool, hanagura ama-lens witonze mu cyerekezo gihamye, hanyuma uhanagure ama-lens witonze ukoresheje ipamba yumye kugira ngo ama-lens abe meza kandi abonerana; (Icyitonderwa: Guhanagura cyane bishobora guhanagura irangi riri ku ma-lens, bigatera kwangirika kw'ama-lens)
Uburyo bwo gusukura imiyoboro y'ubuyobozi: Banza ukureho ibizinga hanyuma utunganye imyanda iri ku miyoboro y'ubuyobozi, hanyuma wongere amavuta meza yo kwisiga ku miyoboro y'ubuyobozi, hanyuma wimure imiyoboro y'ubuyobozi kugira ngo amavuta meza yo kwisiga akwirakwizwe neza ku miyoboro y'ubuyobozi. (Icyitonderwa: Ntugakoreshe amavuta menshi yo kwisiga (amavuta), byoroshye gutuma imyanda yo kwisiga n'umukungugu bifata ku miyoboro y'ubuyobozi, bigatera kwangirika no kwangirika kw'imiyoboro y'ubuyobozi n'imiyoboro y'ubuyobozi);
Uburyo bwo gusukura intebe yo gukoreramo: Intebe yo gukoreramo irimo aloyi ya zinc-food, ubuki, crawler, icyuma n'izindi ntebe zo gukoreramo. Ubwa mbere, sukura imyanda iri ku ntebe yo gukoreramo. Ku ntebe yo gukoreramo crawler, ni ngombwa kongeramo amavuta meza yo kurwanya ingese ku ntebe yo gukoreramo buri mezi atandatu kugira ngo irwanye ingese; izindi ntebe zo gukoreramo ntizikeneye. (Icyitonderwa: Intebe yo gukoreramo ntishobora gusukurwa n'amazi, byoroshye gutuma intebe yo gukoreramo igwa ingese kandi ikihutisha ogisijeni y'intebe yo gukoreramo.)
2. Sukura buri gihe icyuma gisohora umwuka n'umuyoboro w'umwuka kugira ngo bikomeze kuba bisukuye;
Uburyo bwo gusukura umufana usohora umwuka n'umuyoboro usohora umwuka: Iyo umwotsi n'ivumbi mu gihe cyo gutunganya ari binini, ni ngombwa gusukura umufana. Fungura igifuniko cy'inyuma cy'umufana, ukureho ivumbi ku byuma by'umufana n'imiyoboro y'umwuka ukoresheje agace gato k'igiti, hanyuma ukureho ivumbi ukoresheje imbunda y'umwuka ifite umuvuduko mwinshi. Uburyo bwo gusukura umufana usohora umwuka ni bumwe n'ubw'umufana usohora umwuka.
(Icyitonderwa: Nta mazi ashobora kwinjira mu muyoboro w’imyotsi kandi ntashobora kwagurirwa ahantu hakonje, nko mu miyoboro y’amazi mabi.)
3. Sukura buri gihe amababa yo gukonjesha mu kigega cy'amazi;
Uburyo bwo gusukura amababa yo gukonjesha: Intego nyamukuru yo gukonjesha amababa ni ugukuraho ubushyuhe bw'amazi atembera mu muyoboro wa laser. Gutakaza ubushyuhe neza bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku ngufu za laser, bityo gusukura amababa yo gukonjesha ni ingenzi cyane.
Ubwa mbere, kuramo umukungugu ku mababa yo gukonjesha ukoresheje uburoso, hanyuma ukoreshe imbunda y'umwuka ifite umuvuduko mwinshi kugira ngo uhumeke umwuka mu mazi yinjiramo kugira ngo usukure gazi, hanyuma usukemo amazi yo gukonjesha ku mababa yo gukonjesha kugira ngo yoge, woge n'amazi hanyuma wumishe mbere yo gukoresha.
4. Igice cy'ibikoresho gikoreshwa mu gutwara ibintu kigomba gusigwa amavuta rimwe mu kwezi;
Amategeko agenga uburyo bwo kubungabunga igice cyo kohereza ibikoresho mu buryo bwa mekanike: Igice cyo kohereza ibikoresho mu buryo bwa mekanike kirimo amapine ahuza imiterere y’imodoka, amapine ahuza imiterere y’imodoka, amapine ahuza imiterere y’imodoka, inkoni zihuza imiterere y’imodoka, n’ibindi. Igice cy’ingenzi gitera amavuta ni amapine ahuza imiterere y’imodoka. Amapine ahuza imiterere y’imodoka, amapine ahuza imiterere y’imodoka, n’inkingi zihuza imiterere y’imodoka bigomba kuba birinzwe ingese, kandi amapine ahuza imiterere y’imodoka agomba kongerwamo amavuta meza yo kwisiga rimwe mu kwezi.
5. Amazi atembera agomba gusimburwa rimwe mu cyumweru;
Amategeko agenga imicungire y'amazi azenguruka: Inshingano nyamukuru y'amazi azenguruka ni ugusohora ubushyuhe bw'umuyoboro wa laser, ibyo bikaba bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku ngufu n'ubuzima bw'umuyoboro wa laser. Amazi azenguruka agomba kuba ari amazi meza, bityo icyo gipimo nticyoroshye kugaragara ku rukuta rw'imbere rw'umuyoboro wa laser. Iyo amazi abaye umukungugu, amazi azenguruka agomba gusimbuzwa. Ingano y'amazi ni 2/3 by'ikigega cy'amazi, kandi amazi agomba kongerwamo niba ari munsi ya 1/3, bitabaye ibyo umuyoboro wa laser ushobora guturika.
6. Ku bikoresho bishya bya laser, imbaraga zisohoka za laser zigomba kugenzurwa munsi ya 80%;
7. Kugira ngo wongere igihe cyo gukora cy'umuyoboro wa laser, ni byiza kuruhuka iminota 10 nyuma y'akazi gahoraho amasaha 5 mbere yo kongera gukora.
8. Kubungabunga umuyoboro wa laser: Ku bikoresho bishya bya laser, ingufu zisohoka za laser zigomba kugenzurwa munsi ya 80%, ahanini bitewe nuko gazi iri mu muyoboro mushya wa laser yuzuye, kandi gukoresha ingufu nyinshi byoroshye gutuma ikoreshwa rya gazi ryihuta kandi bikagabanya igihe cyo gukora cya laser. Impamvu nyamukuru yo kuruhuka iminota 10 nyuma y'akazi gahoraho mu gihe cy'amasaha 5 ni uko akazi k'igihe kirekire k'umuyoboro wa laser kazatuma ubushyuhe bw'umuyoboro wa laser bwiyongera, bigatuma imbaraga zidahindagurika kandi zigabanuka.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-27-2026
