Imikoranire hagati ya laser n'ibikoresho irimo ibintu byinshi bifatika n'imiterere yabyo. Ingingo eshatu zikurikira zizagaragaza ibintu bitatu by'ingenzi bifatika bijyanye no gusudira laser kugira ngo bagenzi bacu basobanukirwe neza ibijyanye nainzira yo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser: bigabanyijemo igipimo cyo kwinjiza laser n'impinduka mu miterere, plasma n'ingaruka z'akayunguruzo. Kuri iyi nshuro, turavugurura isano iri hagati y'impinduka mu miterere ya laser n'ibikoresho ndetse n'igipimo cyo kwinjiza.
Impinduka mu miterere y'ibintu biterwa n'imikoranire hagati ya laser n'ibikoresho
Uburyo bwo gutunganya ibikoresho by'icyuma hakoreshejwe laser bushingiye ahanini ku buryo ubushyuhe bukoreshwa mu gutunganya ingaruka z'ubushyuhe. Iyo imirasire ya laser ikoreshejwe ku buso bw'ibikoresho, impinduka zitandukanye ziba ku buso bw'ibikoresho ku bucucike butandukanye bw'ingufu. Izi mpinduka zirimo kwiyongera k'ubushyuhe bw'ubuso, gushonga, guhumeka, gushonga kw'umwuka, ishingwa ry'umwobo w'urufunguzo, no gukora plasma. Byongeye kandi, impinduka mu miterere y'ubuso bw'ibikoresho zigira ingaruka zikomeye ku buryo laser yinjira mu bikoresho. Uko imbaraga ziyongera n'igihe cyo gukora, ibikoresho by'icyuma bizahinduka mu miterere ikurikira:
Ubwoimbaraga za laserUbucucike buri hasi (<10 ^ 4w/cm ^ 2) kandi igihe cyo kumurikirwa ni gito, ingufu za laser zinjira mu cyuma zishobora gutuma ubushyuhe bw'ibikoresho buzamuka buva hejuru bujya imbere, ariko igice gikomeye ntikihinduka. Gikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gutunganya igice cy'icyuma no guhindura icyiciro, hamwe n'ibikoresho, ibikoresho, n'amabati ari byo byinshi;
Uko imbaraga za laser ziyongera (10 ^ 4-10 ^ 6w/cm ^ 2) no kongera igihe cyo gushyushya imirasire, ubuso bw'ibikoresho bugenda bushonga buhoro buhoro. Uko ingufu zinjiye ziyongera, aho amazi ahurira buhoro buhoro yerekeza mu gice cy'ingenzi cy'ibikoresho. Iyi nzira ikoreshwa ahanini mu gushonga, guteranya, gupfuka no gusudira ibyuma mu buryo bw'ubushyuhe.
Mu kongera ubucucike bw'ingufu (>10 ^ 6w/cm ^ 2) no kongera igihe cyo gukora laser, ubuso bw'ibikoresho ntibushonga gusa ahubwo bunahinduka umwuka, kandi ibintu byavanzwe n'umwuka biteranira hafi y'ubuso bw'ibikoresho bigahinduka ioni nkeya kugira ngo bikore plasma. Iyi plasma nto ifasha ibikoresho kwinjiza laser; Mu gihe cy'igitutu cyo guhumeka no kwaguka, ubuso bw'amazi burahinduka kandi bugakora imyobo. Iki cyiciro gishobora gukoreshwa mu gusudira laser, akenshi mu gusudira ubushyuhe bw'imiyoboro mito iri hagati ya 0.5mm.
Mu kongera ubucucike bw'ingufu (>10 ^ 7w/cm ^ 2) no kongera igihe cyo kurabagirana, ubuso bw'ibikoresho buhinduka ubushyuhe bukomeye, bugakora plasma ifite urugero rwo hejuru rwa ionization. Iyi plasma ikomeye igira ingaruka zo kurinda laser, igabanya cyane ubucucike bw'ingufu za laser mu bikoresho. Muri icyo gihe, munsi y'imbaraga nini z'umwuka, imyobo mito, izwi cyane nka imyobo y'imfunguzo, ikorwa mu cyuma cyashongeshejwe. Kuba hari imyobo y'imfunguzo ni ingirakamaro ku bikoresho kugira ngo binjire laser, kandi iki cyiciro gishobora gukoreshwa mu gusudira, gukata no gucukura, gukonjesha ingaruka, nibindi.
Mu bihe bitandukanye, imirasire itandukanye ya laser ku bikoresho by'icyuma bitandukanye izatuma habaho agaciro kadasanzwe k'ubucucike bw'imbaraga kuri buri cyiciro.
Ku bijyanye no kwinjiza laser hakoreshejwe ibikoresho, uburyo ibintu bihindukamo umwuka ni umupaka. Iyo ibikoresho bitanyuze mu mwuka uhinduka, haba mu gice gikomeye cyangwa icy'amazi, kwinjiza laser bigenda bihinduka buhoro buhoro iyo ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwiyongeye; Iyo ibikoresho bihindutse umwuka bigahinduka plasma n'imyobo y'ingenzi, uburyo ibintu bihindukamo umwuka bizahinduka mu buryo butunguranye.
Nkuko bigaragara ku Ishusho ya 2, igipimo cyo kwinjiza kwa laser ku buso bw'ibikoresho mu gihe cyo gusudira laser kiratandukanye bitewe n'ubucucike bw'imbaraga za laser n'ubushyuhe bw'ubuso bw'ibikoresho. Iyo ibikoresho bitashongeshejwe, igipimo cyo kwinjiza ibikoresho kuri laser kiriyongera buhoro buhoro uko ubushyuhe bw'ubuso bw'ibikoresho bwiyongera. Iyo ubucucike bw'imbaraga burenze (10 ^ 6w/cm ^ 2), ibikoresho birahinduka umwuka cyane, bigakora umwobo w'urufunguzo. Laser yinjira mu mwobo w'urufunguzo kugira ngo igarure kandi inyuremo inshuro nyinshi, bigatuma igipimo cyo kwinjiza ibikoresho kuri laser cyiyongera cyane ndetse n'ubujyakuzimu bwo gushonga bwiyongera cyane.
Uburyo bwo kwinjiza laser hakoreshejwe ibikoresho by'icyuma - Uburebure bw'urumuri
Ishusho iri hejuru igaragaza isano iri hagati y’uburyo ibyuma bikunze kugaragara, uburyo bifatwa n’ubushyuhe bw’ikirere bikoreshwa. Mu gace ka infrared, igipimo cyo kwinjiza kigabanuka kandi uburyo bwo kwinjiza bukiyongera uko uburebure bw’ubushyuhe bwiyongera. Ibyuma byinshi bigaragaza cyane urumuri rwa infrared rwa 10.6um (CO2) mu gihe rugaragaza gake urumuri rwa infrared rwa 1.06um (1060nm). Ibikoresho by'icyuma bifite igipimo cyo kwinjiza cyane kuri laser ngufi, nk'urumuri rw'ubururu n'icyatsi kibisi.
Uburyo ibikoresho by'icyuma byinjizamo laser - Ubushyuhe bw'ibikoresho n'ubucucike bw'ingufu za laser
Dufashe urugero rw'aluminiyumu, iyo ibikoresho bikomeye, igipimo cyo kwinjiza laser kiba kiri hagati ya 5-7%, igipimo cyo kwinjiza amazi kiba kiri hagati ya 25-35%, kandi gishobora kugera hejuru ya 90% mu gihe cy'imyobo y'urufunguzo.
Igipimo cyo kwinjiza ibikoresho kuri laser kiriyongera uko ubushyuhe bwiyongera. Igipimo cyo kwinjiza ibikoresho by'icyuma ku bushyuhe bw'icyumba kiba kiri hasi cyane. Iyo ubushyuhe buzamutse bukagera hafi y'aho bushongesha, igipimo cyo kwinjiza gishobora kugera kuri 40% ~ 60%. Iyo ubushyuhe buri hafi y'aho bubira, igipimo cyo kwinjiza gishobora kugera kuri 90%.
Uburyo ibikoresho by'icyuma byinjizamo laser – Imiterere y'ubuso
Igipimo gisanzwe cyo kwinjiza gipimwa hakoreshejwe ubuso bw'icyuma bworoshye, ariko mu buryo bufatika bwo gushyushya hakoreshejwe laser, ubusanzwe ni ngombwa kongera igipimo cyo kwinjiza ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe bitanga urumuri rwinshi (aluminium, umuringa) kugira ngo hirindwe kongerwa kw'ibintu bidafite ishingiro bitewe no kwinjiza urumuri rwinshi;
Uburyo bukurikira bushobora gukoreshwa:
1. Gukoresha uburyo bukwiye bwo gutunganya mbere yo gukoresha laser kugira ngo hongerwe ubushobozi bwo kugarura urumuri: oxidation y’icyitegererezo, gutwika umucanga, gusukura laser, gushushanya nickel, gushushanya tin, gushushanya grafiti, nibindi byose bishobora kunoza uburyo laser ifata ibikoresho;
Ishingiro ni ukongera ubukana bw'ubuso bw'ibikoresho (bituma habaho kugarura no kwinjiza ibintu byinshi muri laser), ndetse no kongera ibikoresho byo gutwikira hamwe n'umuvuduko wo kwinjiza ibintu. Mu kwinjiza ingufu za laser no kuzishongesha no kuzihindura ikirere binyuze mu bikoresho bikurura cyane, ubushyuhe bwa laser bwoherezwa mu bikoresho by'ibanze kugira ngo bunoze umuvuduko wo kwinjiza ibintu no kugabanya ubushyuhe buterwa no kuzura ibintu mu buryo budasanzwe.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-23-2023
