I. Kuvugurura ikoranabuhanga ryo gusudira:Roboti zo gusudira zifite ubwengenk'icyerekezo cy'ibanze
(1) Ikoranabuhanga ryo gusudira: Ibuye ry'ingenzi mu nganda zigezweho
Ikoranabuhanga ryo gusudira rigera ku rwego rwa atome rw'ibikoresho binyuze mu bushyuhe bwinshi cyangwa umuvuduko, kandi rikoreshwa cyane mu nzego z'ingenzi nko mu modoka, mu kirere, no mu bwubatsi. Ubuhanga bwaryo n'imikorere yaryo bigena neza imbaraga z'imiterere n'ikiguzi cyo gukora ibicuruzwa. Rishyizwe mu byiciro bitatu hakurikijwe aho ubushyuhe buturuka n'uburyo bukoreshwa, rishyirwa mu byiciro bitatu: gusudira fusion, gusudira pressure, no gufunga. Mu myaka ya vuba aha, ikoranabuhanga rishya ririmo gusudira laser na electron beam welding ryanyuze mu nzitizi z'uburyo gakondo, rihaza ibyifuzo by'inganda zigezweho.
Roboti zo gusudira zigizwe n'igice cy'ingenzi (gifite amaboko ya roboti afite umurongo utandatu nk'ishingiro) hamwe n'ibikoresho byo gusudira bishyigikira. Bikoresheje ikoranabuhanga ritandukanye, bitumagusudira mu buryo bwikora neza cyane. Bishyizwe mu byiciro hakurikijwe uburyo bikorwamo, birimo robo zikoresha uburyo bwa "spot welding", robo zikoresha uburyo bwa "arc welding", robo zikoresha uburyo bwa "laser welding", n'ibindi. Muri ibyo, robo zikoresha uburyo bwa "spot welding" na "arc welding" zigize 90% by'isoko, ziganje mu nganda zikora imodoka no mu gukora ibice bya moto zikoresha "auto-plate", ikoranabuhanga rya 3C. Ikoranabuhanga rishya nka "laser welding" riri kwihutisha kwinjira kwabyo mu nzego nshya z'ingufu n'iz'indege.
(2) Ikoranabuhanga Rigezweho rya Roboti Zikoresha Ubuhanga mu Gusudira
Bitandukanye n'uburyo buhoraho bwo "kwigisha no gusubiramo" bwa robo zisanzwe zo kwigisha, robo zikoresha ubwenge bwo gusudira zihuza sensors zo kureba/laser na algorithms z'ubwenge bw'ubukorano kugira ngo zigere ku kumenyekana kw'umugozi mu gihe nyacyo, gukora inzira yikora, no kunoza imikorere. Ibi bigabanya cyane kwishingikiriza ku mirimo y'amaboko kandi byongera ubwiyongere bw'imikorere, bigatuma zikoreshwa cyane cyane mu nzego zidasanzwe nko gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rigezweho n'ibice byoroheje by'imodoka, ndetse no mu buryo bwo gukora ibintu bike cyane.
Sisitemu yuzuye ya roboti ikoresha ubwenge igizwe na sisitemu yo kugenzura ibintu ikoresheje ubwenge, module yo kumenya no gukurikirana ibintu, urubuga rwa porogaramu rudakoresha interineti, n'umubiri mukuru wa roboti. Inyungu zayo z'ingenzi ziri mu kugabanya imikorere yo gukora ibintu binyuze mu kwerekana no kwigana ibidukikije, gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba zo gusudira mu buryo bwihuse binyuze mu kwiga byimbitse, no kwemeza ko imiterere y'ibikoresho ihamye hakoreshejwe sensors zifite ubuhanga bwo hejuru. Kuri ubu, intambwe zikomeye nka 3D vision-guided teachless operations zagezweho. Ikoranabuhanga ririmo kuva ku "kwigenga gato" kugera ku "kwigenga kose", kandi rizakoresha imikoranire hagati y'amashusho no gusangira ubumenyi bushingiye ku bicu mu gihe kizaza hifashishijwe 5G na edge computing.
II. Ibura rigaragara ry'abasudira: Isoko rinini ry'ubuso bw'ubusudira bw'ubwenge
(1) Ibintu bitera ibura ry'abasudira hamwe na politiki bitera icyifuzo cyo gusimbuza
Ubushinwa burimo kubura cyane abasudira. Mu 2024, icyuho rusange cy’abasaba n’abatanga ibikoresho cyageze kuri miliyoni 3.49, aho ibura ry’abasudira bakuru 400.000. Byongeye kandi, imiterere y’imyaka irashaje, aho imyaka yo mu myaka ya nyuma ya 60 na nyuma ya 70 irenga 60% by’abakozi, mu gihe imyaka yo mu myaka ya nyuma ya 90 igize 13% gusa, bigatuma habaho ikibazo gikomeye cy’“icyuho cy’ibisekuruza”. Hamwe n’ibidukikije bikomeye byo gukoreramo n’ibyago byinshi by’ubuzima byo gusudira, urubyiruko rukomeje kwanga gukora iyo mirimo, bigatuma habaho icyifuzo cyihutirwa cyo gusimbuza robo. Hashingiwe ku mibare y’uko robo imwe ishobora gusimbuza robo 2.5, isoko rishobora kuba rifite ubushobozi bwo gukenera miliyoni 1.4.
Leta yakomeje gutanga politiki zo guteza imbere uburyo bwo gusudira hakoreshejwe ubuhanga. Kuva kuri gahunda y'imyaka itanu ya 13 yo guteza imbere inganda zikoresha ubwenge kugeza kuri gahunda yo gushyira mu bikorwa ya 2024 yo guteza imbere kuvugurura ibikoresho mu rwego rw'inganda, hashyizweho uburyo buhamye bwo gushyigikira politiki, busobanura neza ibipimo bya tekiniki, buvugurura ibikoresho, kandi bushyiraho urufatiro rukomeye rw'iterambere ry'inganda.
(2) Iterambere ry'Isoko Rihamye n'Ibyiza Bikomeye mu Bukungu
Isoko ry’imashini zikora ubwuzu ku isi ririmo kwiyongera buhoro buhoro. Kuva mu 2016 kugeza mu 2024, ingano y’ibicuruzwa yavuye ku mashini 64.200 igera ku mashini 102.000, aho igipimo cy’izamuka ry’umwaka kiteganijwe kugera kuri 6% na 8% muri 2025 na 2026. Imashini zikora ubwuzu zitanga umusaruro mwiza mu kugabanya ikiguzi, zifite umuvuduko wo gusudira wa cm 50–160 ku munota kurusha umuvuduko wo gusudira ukorwa n’intoki wa cm 40–60 ku munota. Zitanga inyungu nyinshi ku ishoramari (ROI) mu bihe bitandukanye byo gusimbuza: mu bihe bibi cyane (gusimbuza umusudi 1), ishoramari rishobora kugaruzwa mu myaka 4, hamwe n’ubwizigame bwa miliyoni 10.5 z’amayuan mu myaka icumi; mu bihe byiza cyane (gusimbuza abasudi 2.5), ishoramari rishobora kugaruzwa mu mwaka wa mbere, hamwe n’ubwizigame bwa miliyoni 27 z’amayuan mu myaka icumi. Byongeye kandi, izi mashini zishobora gukora amasaha 24 ku munsi kugira ngo zinoze imikorere.
(3) Ubusabe bwihutirwa bw'ibintu bitari ibisanzwe: Kwinjira byihuta mu byuma n'inyubako z'amato
- Inganda zitunganya imiterere y'ibyuma: Mu 2023, ingano y'ibikoresho byo gutunganya imiterere y'ibyuma ku rwego rw'igihugu yageze kuri toni miliyoni 112, ubwiyongere bwa 10.5% ugereranyije n'umwaka. Ariko, uru rwego rufite ikibazo cyo kudakora ibikoresho byikora kandi rwishingikiriza cyane ku mirimo y'amaboko. Nk'uko byagaragajwe, 60% by'ibikoresho byo gutunganya imiterere y'ibyuma bisaba uburyo bwo gusudira bukoresheje ubwenge. Mu gihe umusaruro witezwe kugera kuri toni miliyoni 135 muri 2025, bizatera ibura ry'ibikoresho 12.200, bizamure isoko rirenga miliyari 3 z'amayuan.
- Inganda zo kubaka amato: Mu 2024, Ubushinwa bwaje ku mwanya wa mbere ku isi mu bimenyetso bitatu by'ingenzi: ingano y'amato arangiye, umubare w'amato mashya yinjizwa, n'umubare w'amato asigaye inyuma, bingana na 50% by'umubare w'amato yose ku isi muri buri cyiciro. Nyamara, uru rwego ruhura n'imbogamizi nko guhuza amato mu buryo bugoye no kuyahindura mu buryo buciriritse, ibyo bikabauburyo gakondo bwo gusudiraIkibazo cyo gukemura ikibazo. Mu 2024, mu Bushinwa hari abasudira bemewe bagera ku 187.800. Hashingiwe ku gipimo cya 15% cy’abasudira, icyifuzo cy’amarobo y’ubusudira afite ubwenge kigera ku 18.800, bingana n’ingano y’isoko ya miliyari 5.634 z’amayuani. Niba igipimo cy’abasudira kizamutse kikagera kuri 30%, igipimo cy’isoko kizarenga miliyari 10 z’amayuani.
III. Imiterere y'uruhererekane rw'inganda rwa Robots zo gusudira zifite ubwenge
Uruhererekane rw'inganda rugizwe n'ibicuruzwa bizamuka, guhuza sisitemu yo hagati, n'ikoreshwa ry'inganda zo hasi, guhuza ikoranabuhanga rituruka mu nzego zitandukanye nka robotike, ubwenge bw'ubukorano, n'ishusho y'imashini. Muri ibyo, umubiri mukuru wa roboti na sisitemu yo kureba/kubona hamwe na laser byose hamwe bigira hejuru ya 60% by'ikiguzi cyose.
Igice cyo hejuru gitanga ibice by'ingenzi birimo robot main bodies, systems control intelligent, na systems tracking seam tracking, bigena imikorere ihamye y'ibikoresho. Inganda zitanga ingufu zo gusudira mu gihugu zafashe umwanya wa mbere, mu gihe ibigo byo mu gihugu biri mu nzego za 3D vision na software za porogaramu zitari kuri interineti birimo gusenya ubushobozi bw'imari y'amahanga. Midstream integrators ihuza ibikoresho kugira ngo ikore ibisubizo byihariye, ihuza n'ibyo inganda zikenera mu kazi no mu musaruro nk'ibyuma n'ubwubatsi bw'amato. Inganda zo mu gace zibanda ku gutegura inzira y'ubwenge kugira ngo zikorere inganda zidasanzwe. Igice cyo hasi kibona porogaramu gakondo zibanda ku miterere y'ibyuma n'ubwubatsi bw'amato, kandi buhoro buhoro kigenda cyinjira mu nzego zikomeye nka imodoka, ingufu nshya, n'indege, bikagaragara nk'ibikoresho by'ingenzi ku bigo kugira ngo binoze imikorere no kugabanya ibyago.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-23-2025
