Nk’imashini itwara ibindi bice by’imodoka, ikoranabuhanga ryo gukora umubiri w’imodoka rigena mu buryo butaziguye ubwiza bw’imodoka muri rusange. Mu gikorwa cyo gukora umubiri w’imodoka, gusudira ni igikorwa cy’ingenzi mu gukora. Ikoranabuhanga ryo gusudira rikoreshwa ubu mu gusudira umubiri w’imodoka rigizwe ahanini no gusudira ahantu hadakoreshejwe ingufu, gusudira gaze idafite ingufu (MIG welding) na gusudira gaze idafite ingufu (MAG welding) hamwe no gusudira hakoreshejwe laser.
Nk’ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo gusudira rifite uburyo bwo guhuza ibyuma n’ibyuma, ikoranabuhanga ryo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser rifite ibyiza byo kuba rifite ingufu nyinshi, umuvuduko wo gusudira vuba, imbaraga nke zo gusudira no guhindura imiterere y’ibikoresho, ndetse no koroshya imikorere ugereranyije n’ikoranabuhanga risanzwe ryo gusudira ibikoresho by’imodoka.
Imiterere y'umubiri w'imodoka iragoye, kandi ibice by'umubiri ahanini ni ibice bito kandi bifite inkuta ntoya. Gusudira umubiri w'imodoka bihura n'ingorane zo gusudira nko gutandukana kw'ibikoresho by'umubiri, ubunini butandukanye bw'ibice by'umubiri, inzira zitandukanye zo gusudira n'imiterere y'ingingo. Byongeye kandi, gusudira umubiri w'imodoka bisaba cyane ubwiza bwo gusudira no gukoresha neza ibikoresho byo gusudira.
Hashingiwe ku bipimo bikwiye byo gusudira, gusudira hakoreshejwe laser bishobora kwemeza ko ibice by'ingenzi by'imodoka bikomera cyane kandi bikagira ingaruka zikomeye ku bukomezi mu gusudira, bityo bikagaragaza ireme n'ubuzima bw'imikorere yo gusudira. Ikoranabuhanga ryo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser rishobora guhuza no gusudira ibice by'umubiri by'imodoka bifite imiterere itandukanye y'ingingo, ubunini butandukanye n'ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibikoresho, bigahura n'icyifuzo cyo koroshya ikorwa ry'imizigo y'imodoka. Kubwibyo, ikoranabuhanga ryo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser ni uburyo bw'ingenzi bwa tekiniki bwo kugera ku iterambere ry'inganda z'imodoka.
Uburyo bwo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser ku mubiri w'imodoka
Ihame ry’uburyo bwo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser deep fusion: Iyo ubucucike bw’imbaraga za laser bugeze ku rwego runaka, ubuso bw’ibikoresho burahinduka umwuka, bityo bigahinduka urufunguzo. Iyo umuvuduko w’umwuka w’icyuma uri mu mwobo ugeze ku buringanire buhamye hamwe n’umuvuduko utajegajega n’ubuso bw’amazi akikije, laser ishobora gushyuha inyuze mu mwobo ujya hasi mu mwobo, kandi hamwe n’ingendo z’umuyoboro wa laser, habaho gusudira guhoraho. Mu buryo bwo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser deep fusion, nta mpamvu yo kongeramo flux cyangwa filler kugira ngo usuke ibikoresho by’umurimo muri kimwe.
Umushonge wo gusudira uboneka hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa laser deep fusion welding muri rusange uba woroshye kandi ugororotse hamwe n'impinduka nto, ibyo bikaba byorohereza kunoza uburyo umubiri w'imodoka ukora. Ingufu zo gukurura za welding ni nyinshi, ibyo bikaba byemeza ko umubiri w'imodoka ukora neza. Umuvuduko wo gusudira wihuta, ibyo bikaba byoroshya kunoza imikorere y'umusaruro wo gusudira.
Mu gikorwa cyo gusudira umubiri w’imodoka, gukoresha uburyo bwo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser deep fusion bishobora kugabanya cyane umubare w’ibice, ibumba n’ibikoresho byo gusudira, bityo bikagabanya uburemere bw’umubiri n’ikiguzi cyo gukora. Ariko, uburyo bwo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser deep fusion ntibushobora kwihanganira icyuho cyo guteranya ibice bigomba gusudira, kandi icyuho cyo guteranya kigomba kugenzurwa hagati ya mm 0.05 na 2. Iyo icyuho cyo guteranya ari kinini cyane, hazabaho inenge zo gusudira nko kugira imyenge.
Ubushakashatsi buriho bwerekana ko mu gusudira umubiri w’imodoka hakoreshejwe ibikoresho bimwe, binyuze mu kunoza ibipimo by’imikorere yo gusudira mu buryo bwa laser deep-fusion, bishoboka kubona isudi ifite ubuso bwiza, inenge nke z’imbere n’imiterere myiza ya mekanike. Imiterere myiza ya mekanike ya sudi ishobora guhaza ibisabwa n’ibice byasudiwe mu mubiri w’imodoka. Ariko, mu gusudira umubiri w’imodoka, icyuma cya aluminiyumu nk’ikigaragaza inzira yo gusudira mu buryo butandukanye bwa laser deep fusion mu byuma ntabwo ikuze, nubwo kongeramo urwego rw’impinduka bishobora gutuma isudi ikora neza, ariko ibikoresho bitandukanye bya transition layer kuri IMC layer influence mechanism n’ingaruka zabyo ku miterere mito y’uburyo bwo gusudira ntibirasobanuka neza, bisaba inyigo yimbitse.
Uburyo bwo gusudira insinga za laser zo mu bwoko bwa auto bodies
Uburyo bwo gusudira ibyuma bya laser bushingiye ku ihame rikurikira: Ihuriro risutswe rikorwa no kuzuza insinga runaka mbere yo gusudira cyangwa ugashyira insinga icyarimwe mu gihe cyo gusudira ibyuma bya laser. Ibi bingana no gushyira insinga zingana mu kidendezi cyo gusudira mu gihe cyo gusudira ibyuma bya laser. Ishusho iri hepfo igaragaza uburyo bwo gusudira ibyuma bya laser.
Ugereranyije no gusudira hakoreshejwe laser deep fusion, gusudira laser filler ifite ibyiza bibiri mu gusudira umubiri w’imodoka: icya mbere, ishobora kunoza cyane ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira icyuho cyo guteranya hagati y’ibice by’umubiri by’imodoka bigomba gusudira no gukemura ikibazo cy’icyuho kinini cyo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser deep fusion; icya kabiri, ishobora kunoza ikwirakwizwa ry’ibice mu gace k’isudi ikoresheje insinga zifite imiterere itandukanye, hanyuma ikagenzura imikorere y’isudi.
Mu gikorwa cyo gukora ibyuma by’imodoka, uburyo bwo gusudira ibyuma bya laser bukoreshwa cyane cyane mu gusudira ibice by’umubiri bya aluminiyumu n’iby’icyuma. Cyane cyane mu gikorwa cyo gusudira ibice by’umubiri bya aluminiyumu, ubushyuhe bw’ubuso bw’ikidendezi cyashongeshejwe ni buto, bishobora gutuma ikidendezi cyashongeshejwe gisenyuka byoroshye, mu gihe uburyo bwo gusudira ibyuma bya laser bushobora gukemura neza ikibazo cyo gusenyuka kw’ikidendezi cyashongeshejwe binyuze mu gushonga kw’insinga mu gikorwa cyo gusudira ibyuma bya laser.
Uburyo bwo gusiga icyuma gikoresha laser mu mubiri w'imodoka
Uburyo bwo gukurura imirasire ya laser bushingiye ku ihame rikurikira: Hakoreshejwe laser nk'isoko y'ubushyuhe, umurasire wa laser ushyirwa hejuru y'insinga, insinga irashonga, insinga ishongeshejwe iramanuka ikuzuza igikoresho cyo gukurura, kandi ingaruka z'icyuma nko gushonga no gukwirakwira hagati y'ibikoresho byo gukurura imirasire n'igikoresho cyo gukurura, bityo bigahuza igikoresho cyo gukurura imirasire. Bitandukanye n'uburyo bwo gusudira imirasire ya laser, uburyo bwo gukurura imirasire ya laser bushongesha insinga gusa ntabwo ari igikoresho cyo gukurura imirasire. Uburyo bwo gukurura imirasire ya laser bufite ubushobozi bwo gusudira neza, ariko imbaraga zo gukurura imirasire zikomoka kuri iyo nsinga ni nke. Ishusho ya 3 igaragaza ikoreshwa ry'uburyo bwo gukurura imirasire ya laser mu gusudira imitwaro y'imodoka.
Mu gikorwa cyo gusudira umubiri w’umuntu, uburyo bwo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser bukoreshwa cyane cyane mu gusudira ibice by’umubiri bidasaba imbaraga nyinshi, nko gusudira hagati y’igifuniko cyo hejuru n’impande, gusudira hagati y’igice cyo hejuru n’icyo hasi cy’igifuniko cy’imizigo, nibindi. Igifuniko cyo hejuru cya VW, Audi n’izindi moderi ziciriritse n’izigezweho zose zikoresha uburyo bwo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser.
Inenge nyamukuru mu ngingo z’imodoka zikozwe muri laser zirimo gucika intege mu nkombe, gucika intege, guhindagurika kw’ingufu, nibindi, kandi inenge zishobora gukumirwa cyane hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kugenzura ibipimo by’imikorere no gukoresha uburyo bwo gukaranga hakoreshejwe laser nyinshi.
Uburyo bwo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser-arc composite body y'imodoka
Ihame ry'uburyo bwo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser-arc ni iri rikurikira: amasoko abiri y'ubushyuhe, laser na arc, akoreshwa icyarimwe ku buso bw'igikoresho kigomba gusudira, maze icyo gikoresho kigashonga kigakomera kugira ngo kibe umushongi wo gusudira. Ishusho iri hepfo igaragaza uburyo bwo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser-arc.
Gusudira hakoreshejwe laser-arc bihuza ibyiza byo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser na arc: icya mbere, hakoreshejwe uburyo bubiri bwo gushyushya, umuvuduko wo gusudira urashobora kwiyongera, uburyo ubushyuhe burushaho kugabanuka, impinduka mu gusudira ziba nke, bigatuma imiterere ya laser ikomeza; icya kabiri, ubushobozi bwo guhuza neza, kwihanganira icyuho cyo guteranya ibintu ni bwinshi; icya gatatu, umuvuduko wo gukomera kw'ikidendezi gishongeshejwe ugenda buhoro, bigatuma imyenge, imyanya n'ibindi bibazo byo gusudira bikurwaho, kunoza imiterere n'imikorere y'agace kagizweho ingaruka n'ubushyuhe. Icya kane, bitewe n'arc, ishobora gusudira ibikoresho bifite ubushobozi bwo kugarura ubushyuhe bwinshi n'ubushyuhe bwinshi, hamwe n'ibikoresho byinshi bikoreshwa.
Mu gikorwa cyo gukora imiterere y'imodoka, uburyo bwo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser-arc bugizwe ahanini n'ibikoresho bya aluminiyumu n'ibyuma bitandukanye bya aluminiyumu, kugira ngo habeho icyuho cyo guteranya ibice binini by'icyuma cyo gusudira, nk'igice cy'umuryango w'imodoka aho gusudira biherereye, ibi biterwa nuko icyuho cyo guteranya gifasha imikorere myiza yo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser-arc. Byongeye kandi, ikoranabuhanga ryo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser-MIG arc rikoreshwa no ku gisenge cy'uruhande rw'umubiri wa Audi.
Mu gikorwa cyo gusudira umubiri w’imodoka, gusudira hakoreshejwe laser-arc composite bifite akarusho ko kwihanganira icyuho kinini ugereranije no gusudira hakoreshejwe laser imwe, icyakora, gusudira hakoreshejwe laser-arc composite bisaba gusuzuma neza aho laser na arc biherereye, ibipimo byo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser, ibipimo bya arc n’ibindi bintu. Imyitwarire y’ubushyuhe n’ubwinshi bw’ibikorwa byo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser-arc iragoye, cyane cyane uburyo bwo kugenzura ingufu zo gusudira ibikoresho bitandukanye kandi uburyo bwo kugenzura uburebure bwa IMC n’imikoreshereze y’uturemangingo ntabwo birasobanuka neza kandi bisaba kongera imbaraga mu bushakashatsi.
Izindi nzira zo gusudira umubiri w'imodoka hakoreshejwe laser
Gusudira hakoreshejwe laser deep fusion, gusudira laser filler, brazing laser na laser-arc composite welding hamwe n'izindi nzira zo gusudira bifite inyigisho zigezweho ndetse n'uburyo butandukanye bwo gukoresha mu buryo bufatika. Uko ibisabwa n'inganda z'imodoka kugira ngo umubiri urusheho gukora neza bigenda byiyongera kandi icyifuzo cyo gusudira ibikoresho bitandukanye mu nganda zoroheje kigenda cyiyongera, gusudira laser spot, gusudira laser oscillation, gusudira multi-laser beam na gusudira laser flight byarushijeho kwitabwaho.
Uburyo bwo gusudira ahantu hifashishijwe laser
Gusudira ahantu hakoresha laser ni ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser rifite ibyiza bidasanzwe byo kwihuta cyane no gukoresha neza cyane. Ihame ry'ibanze ryo gusudira ahantu hakoresha laser ni ugushyira umuyoboro wa laser ku gice kigomba gusudira, kugira ngo icyuma kiri kuri iyo ngingo gishonge ako kanya, kandi binyuze mu guhindura ubucucike bwa laser kugira ngo habeho gusudira hakoreshejwe ubushyuhe cyangwa gukoresha deep fusion welding effect, iyo umuyoboro wa laser uhagaze gukora, icyuma cy'amazi kirasubira inyuma, kigakomera kandi kigakora igice.
Hari ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi bwo gusudira ahantu hakoresha laser: gusudira ahantu hakoresha laser na laser. Umurabyo wa laser muri pulsed laser ufite ingufu nyinshi, ariko igihe cyo gukora ni gito, kandi muri rusange ukoreshwa mu gusudira ibyuma byoroheje nka magnesium alloys na aluminiyumu alloys. Mu gusudira ahantu hakoresha laser, umurabyo wa laser ufite imbaraga nyinshi kandi umara igihe kirekire ukoreshwa na laser, kandi ukoreshwa cyane cyane mu gusudira ibyuma.
Mu gusudira umubiri w’imodoka, ugereranije no gusudira ahantu hadakora neza, gusudira ahantu hakoresha laser bifite ibyiza byo gusudira ahantu hadakora neza kandi hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga ryo gusana ahantu hadakora neza, bishobora guhaza icyifuzo cyo gusudira ahantu hafite ireme rihanitse munsi y’icyuho gitandukanye cy’ibikoresho by’umubiri w’imodoka.
Uburyo bwo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser
Gusudira imirasire ya laser ni ikoranabuhanga rishya ryo gusudira laser ryatanzwe mu myaka ya vuba aha kandi ryakunzwe cyane. Ihame ry'iri koranabuhanga ni ukugira ngo umurasire wa laser uhinduke vuba, mu buryo bunoze kandi buto binyuze mu gushyira indorerwamo izunguruka mu mutwe wa laser, bityo bikagera ku ngaruka zo gukangura umurasire mu gihe ukomeza imbere mu gihe cyo gusudira laser.
Uburyo bw'ingenzi bwo guhuza ibintu mu buryo bwo guhuza ibintu hakoreshejwe laser burimo: guhuza ibintu hakoreshejwe transverse, guhuza ibintu mu buryo bw'igihe kirekire, guhuza ibintu mu buryo bw'uruziga no guhuza ibintu mu buryo butagira iherezo. Uburyo bwo guhuza ibintu hakoreshejwe laser bufite inyungu zikomeye mu guhuza ibintu hakoreshejwe auto body, kuko imiterere y'amazi mu gice cy'amazi gishonga ihinduka cyane bitewe no guhuza kw'umuyoboro wa laser, bityo inzira ishobora gukuraho inenge zitavanze, kugera ku kunoza ingano no gukumira porosity mu guhuza ibintu bimwe, no kunoza ibibazo byo kuvanga ibikoresho bitandukanye neza n'imiterere mibi y'umushongi w'amazi mu guhuza ibintu bitandukanye.
Uburyo bwo gusudira imirasire myinshi hakoreshejwe lazeri
Muri iki gihe, fibre lasers zishobora gukoreshwa mu kugabanya umurambararo umwe wa laser mo imirasire myinshi ya laser hakoreshejwe module yo gutandukanya imirasire yashyizwe mu mutwe wo gusudira. Gusudira imirasire myinshi ya laser bingana no gukoresha amasoko menshi y'ubushyuhe mu gikorwa cyo gusudira. Mu guhindura uburyo ingufu zikwirakwizwamo, imirasire itandukanye ishobora kugera ku mirimo itandukanye, nko: umurambararo ufite ubucucike bwinshi bw'ingufu ni wo murambararo w'ingenzi, ushinzwe gusudira mu buryo bwimbitse; umurambararo muto ufite ubucucike buke bw'ingufu ushobora gusukura no gushyushya ubuso bw'ibikoresho no kongera ubushobozi bwo kwinjiza ingufu za laser n'ibikoresho.
Uburyo bwo gusudira hakoreshejwe imirasire myinshi bushobora kunoza imikorere y’umwuka wa zinc hamwe n’imikorere y’ikidendezi gishonga mu gihe cyo gusudira amabati y’icyuma, kunoza ikibazo cyo gusuka no kongera imbaraga zo gukurura umugozi w’icyuma.
Uburyo bwo gusudira indege hakoreshejwe laser
Ikoranabuhanga ryo gusudira mu ndege ya laser ni ikoranabuhanga rishya ryo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser rifite ubushobozi bwo gusudira buhanitse kandi rifite imiterere yihariye y'inzira yo gusudira. Ihame ry'ibanze ryo gusudira mu ndege ya laser ni uko iyo urumuri rwa laser rubaye ku ndorerwamo za X na Y z'indorerwamo yo gushakisha, inguni y'indorerwamo igenzurwa binyuze mu buryo bwikora kugira ngo urumuri rwa laser ruhinduke mu nguni iyo ari yo yose.
Ubusanzwe, gusudira umubiri w’imodoka hakoreshejwe laser hifashishijwe cyane cyane roboti yo gusudira kugira ngo iyobore umutwe wo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser kugira ngo igere ku ntambwe ijyanye n’igihe kugira ngo igere ku ntambwe ijyanye n’igihe. Ariko, kugenda gusubirwamo kwa roboti yo gusudira bigabanya cyane imikorere myiza yo gusudira umubiri w’imodoka bitewe n’umubare munini w’udupira two gusudira n’uburebure bw’udupira two gusudira. Mu buryo bunyuranye, gusudira umubiri hakoreshejwe laser bishobora kugerwaho mu rugero runaka binyuze mu guhindura inguni y’icyuma gisubiza inyuma. Kubwibyo, ikoranabuhanga ryo gusudira umubiri hakoreshejwe laser rishobora kunoza cyane imikorere yo gusudira kandi rifite amahirwe menshi yo kuyikoresha.
Incamake
Hamwe n’iterambere ry’inganda zikora imodoka, ahazaza h’ikoranabuhanga ryo gusudira umubiri hazakomeza gutera imbere haba mu buryo bwo gusudira ndetse no mu ikoranabuhanga ry’ubwenge.
Umubiri w’imodoka, cyane cyane uruganda rushya rw’ingufu, rurimo gutera imbere mu cyerekezo cy’uburemere bworoheje. Udukoresho tworoheje, ibikoresho bivanze n’ibikoresho bitandukanye bizakoreshwa cyane mu mubiri w’imodoka, uburyo busanzwe bwo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser buragoye kuzuza ibisabwa mu gusudira, bityo uburyo bwo gusudira bufite ireme kandi bunoze buzaba intandaro y’iterambere ry’ejo hazaza.
Mu myaka ya vuba aha, inzira nshya yo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser, nko gusudira hakoreshejwe laser swing, gusudira hakoreshejwe laser beam, gusudira hakoreshejwe laser flight, nibindi, yari mu bwiza no kunoza ubucucike bw’ubushakashatsi bwa mbere bw’imitekerereze n’ubushakashatsi ku mikorere. Ahazaza hagomba kuba inzira nshya yo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser n’ibikoresho byoroheje byo mu bwoko bwa auto body, gusudira ibikoresho bitandukanye n’ibindi bintu bihujwe cyane, igishushanyo mbonera cy’inzira yo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser beam, uburyo bwo gukora ingufu z’amashanyarazi hakoreshejwe laser beam nyinshi no kunoza imikorere y’ubucucike mu ndege n’ibindi bice by’ubushakashatsi bwimbitse kugira ngo harebwe uburyo bushya bwo gusudira hakoreshejwe auto body.
Ikoranabuhanga ryo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser y'umubiri w'imodoka riri guhuzwa cyane n'ikoranabuhanga ry'ubwenge, kumenya uko ibintu bimeze mu gihe nyacyo ndetse no kugenzura uko ibintu bihagaze mu buryo bwo gusudira bifite uruhare runini mu bwiza bw'ubuziranenge bw'ubushyuhe. Ikoranabuhanga ryo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser y'ubwenge ririho ubu rikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gutegura inzira yo gusudira mbere yo gusudira no gukurikirana no kugenzura ubuziranenge bw'ubushyuhe nyuma yo gusudira. Ubushakashatsi bwo mu gihugu no mu mahanga mu gutahura inenge zo gusudira no kugenzura uburyo ibintu bihinduka buracyari bushya, kandi ikoranabuhanga ryo kugenzura uburyo ibintu bihinduka mu buryo bwo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser ntirirakoreshwa mu gukora ibikoresho by'imodoka.
Kubwibyo, kugira ngo hakoreshwe ikoranabuhanga ryo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser mu miterere y’imikorere yo gusudira umubiri w’imodoka, ahazaza hagomba gutezwa imbere sisitemu yo kumenya ubwenge igezweho ya laser ifite sensor nyinshi hamwe na sisitemu yo kugenzura robo yo gusudira yihuta cyane kugira ngo hamenyekane ko ikoranabuhanga ry’ubwenge ryo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser mu gihe nyacyo no mu buryo buboneye bwa buri huza, binyuze mu murongo wa "pre-welding trajectory planning - welding parameters adaptive control post-welding quality online Inspection", kugira ngo hamenyekane ko ari nziza kandi itunganywa neza.
Isosiyete ya Maven ikora ikoranabuhanga rya laser imaze imyaka 14 yibanda ku nganda za laser, twibanda ku gusudira laser, dufite imashini isudira laser ya robotic arm, imashini isudira laser automatic ya Table, imashini isudira laser ya Handheld, byongeye kandi, dufite imashini isudira laser, imashini isudira laser na laser marking machine, dufite udusanduku twinshi two gusudira laser, niba ubyifuza ushobora kutwandikira igihe cyose.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-09-2022
