Uburyo bwo gusudira ku bice bito n'ibito Gusudira hakoreshejwe laser ni uburyo bwo gusudira bunoze kandi bunoze bukoresha umuraba wa laser ufite ingufu nyinshi nk'isoko y'ubushyuhe. Ni imwe mu mikoreshereze y'ingenzi y'ikoranabuhanga ryo gutunganya ibikoresho bya laser. Mu myaka ya 1970, yakoreshwaga cyane cyane mu gusudira ibikoresho bifite inkuta nto no gusudira vuba, kandi uburyo bwo gusudira bwari ubwo mu bwoko bw'ubushyuhe. By'umwihariko, imirasire ya laser ishyushya ubuso bw'igikoresho, kandi ubushyuhe buri hejuru bukwirakwira imbere binyuze mu gushyushya. Mu kugenzura ibipimo nk'ubugari, ingufu, imbaraga zo hejuru, n'inshuro zo gusubiramo kwa pulses za laser, icyo gikoresho kirashongeshwa kugira ngo kibe ikidendezi cyihariye cyashongeshejwe. Bitewe n'ibyiza byacyo byihariye, cyakoreshejwe neza kugusudira neza ibice bito n'ibito.Ikoranabuhanga ryo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser mu Bushinwa riri mu rwego rwo hejuru ku isi. Rifite ikoranabuhanga n'ubushobozi bwo gukora ibice bikomeye bya titanium alloy bifite ubuso burenga metero kare 12 hakoreshejwe laser, kandi ryakoreshejwe mu gukora ingero n'ibicuruzwa mu mishinga myinshi y'ubushakashatsi ku ndege zo mu gihugu. Mu Ukwakira 2013, impuguke mu gusudira y'Umushinwa yegukanye igihembo cya Brook Award, igihembo cy'ikirenga mu rwego rw'amasomo mu bijyanye no gusudira, byemeje urwego rw'isi rw'Ubushinwa rwo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser.
## Amateka y'Iterambere Umurimbo wa laser wa mbere ku isi wakozwe mu 1960 hakoreshejwe kristu zitangaje za rubi hamwe n'itara rya flash. Kubera ubushobozi buciriritse bw'ubushyuhe bwa kristu, yashoboraga gukora imirimbo migufi cyane ifite frequency nto. Nubwo ingufu za pulse peak za 10^6 watts, yari iy'ingufu nke. Agakoresho ka kristu ka yttrium aluminium garnet (Nd:YAG) gafite neodymium, gafite neodymium (Nd) nk'ikintu gikurura, gashobora gukora umurimbo wa laser uhoraho ufite uburebure bwa 1-8KW. Laser ya YAG, ifite uburebure bwa 1.06μm, ishobora guhuzwa n'umutwe utunganya laser binyuze muri fibre optique, ifite imiterere y'ibikoresho byoroshye kandi ikwiriye gukoreshwa mu gusudira ibikoresho bifite ubugari bwa 0.5-6mm. Laser ya CO₂, ikoresha dioxyde de carbone nk'umusemburo (ifite ubunini bwa 10.6μm), ishobora kugera ku ngufu zigera kuri 25KW no gukora soldering ya single-pass full-penetration ya plaque 2mm-thick. Yakoreshejwe cyane mu gutunganya ibyuma mu rwego rw'inganda. Hagati mu myaka ya 1980, soldering ya laser, nk'ikoranabuhanga rishya, yakuruye abantu benshi mu Burayi, muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika no mu Buyapani. Mu 1985, ThyssenKrupp Steel AG (Ubudage) na Volkswagen AG (Ubudage) bafatanyije gukoresha neza icyuma cya mbere ku isi cya laser-welded kuri Audi 100 body. Mu myaka ya 1990, inganda zikomeye z'imodoka mu Burayi, muri Amerika ya Ruguru, no mu Buyapani zatangiye gukoresha cyane ikoranabuhanga rya laser-welded mu gukora ibyuma by'imodoka. Ubunararibonye buvuye muri laboratwari n'inganda z'imodoka bwagaragaje ko ibyuma bya laser-welded bishobora gukoreshwa neza mu gukora ibyuma by'imodoka. Gusudira hakoreshejwe laser bikoresha ingufu za laser mu guhuza no gusudira ibyuma byinshi, ibyuma bitangiza ibyuma, aluminiyumu, nibindi, hamwe n'ibikoresho bitandukanye, ubunini, n'amabara mu gice cy'isahani, imiterere, cyangwa sandwich panel. Ibi byujuje ibisabwa mu mikorere y'ibikoresho bitandukanye, kandi bigatuma ibikoresho byoroheje kandi bifite uburemere bworoshye, imiterere myiza, n'imikorere myiza. Mu bihugu byateye imbere nka Burayi na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika,gusudira hakoreshejwe laserNtabwo ikoreshwa gusa mu nganda zikora ibikoresho byo gutwara abantu, ahubwo inakoreshwa cyane mu nzego nko mu bwubatsi, ibiraro, gukora ibikoresho byo mu rugo, no gusudira ibyuma mu miyoboro izunguruka (guhuza ibyuma mu guzunguruka bihoraho). Ibigo bizwi cyane ku isi birimo Soudonic (Ubusuwisi), ArcelorMittal Group (Ubufaransa), ThyssenKrupp TWB (Ubudage), Servo-Robot (Kanada), na Precitec (Ubudage). Ikoreshwa ry'ikoranabuhanga ridafite imashini izunguruka rya laser mu Bushinwa ryatangiye gukoreshwa. Ku ya 25 Ukwakira 2002, umurongo wa mbere w'ubucuruzi mu Bushinwa ukorerwamo ibikoresho bidafite imashini izunguruka watangiye gukoreshwa ku mugaragaro. Watangijwe na Wuhan ThyssenKrupp Zhongren Laser Tailor Welding yo muri ThyssenKrupp TWB (Ubudage). Nyuma, Shanghai Baosteel Arcelor Laser Tailor Welding Co., Ltd., FAW Baoyou Laser Tailor Welding Co., Ltd., n'ibindi bigo byashyizwe mu bikorwa bikurikiranye. Mu 2003, ibihugu by'amahanga byatangije uburyo bwo gusudira insinga za CO₂ laser filler wire naGusudira insinga za laser za YAGku miterere y’urukuta rwo hasi rwa A318 alloy alloy. Iri koranabuhanga ryasimbuye imiterere gakondo y’impande, rigabanya uburemere bw’indege ku kigero cya 20% kandi rizigama 20% by’ikiguzi. Gong Shuili yizeraga ko ikoranabuhanga ryo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser rizagira uruhare runini mu guhindura no kuvugurura inganda gakondo z’indege zo mu Bushinwa. Yahise asaba imishinga myinshi ijyanye n’ubushakashatsi mbere y’uko bikorwa, ategura itsinda ry’ubushakashatsi, kandi afata iya mbere mu kwinjiza ikoranabuhanga rya "double-beam laser welding" mu mishinga y’ubushakashatsi mu Bushinwa. Kuva mu ntangiriro, yateganyaga gukoresha iri koranabuhanga mu gukora indege. Itsinda ry’impuguke z’Abashinwa ryatanze raporo y’ikoranabuhanga ry’ibanze ku kigo gishinzwe gushushanya indege kandi ryatangaje ibyiza n’ubushobozi bwo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser. Nyuma yo kugenzura no gusuzuma kenshi, ikigo cy’ibishushanyo cyahisemo gukoresha iri koranabuhanga mu gukora ibipande by’inkuta bifite imbaho ku ndege runaka, bigera ku ntego ya mbere yo gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rya "double-beam laser welding" mu gukora indege. Yanyuze mu ikoranabuhanga ry'ingenzi nko kugenzura neza insinga zo gusukamo imashini zikoresha imirasire yoroheje, yateguye igikoresho cyo gusudira cy’imirasire y’amashanyarazi gifite imirasire ibiri kandi gishya, yashyizeho urubuga rwa mbere rw’ubushinwa rwo gusudira imashini zikoresha imirasire ibiri rufite imbaraga nyinshi, yashyizeho uburyo bwo gusudira imashini zikoresha imirasire ibiri n’ibiri ku mpande ebyiri mu Bushinwa, yashyizeho uburyo bwo gusudira imashini zikoresha imirasire ibiri n’ibiri ku mpande ebyiri mu buryo buhuza ibice bya T mu nkuta nini zifite inkuta nto, kandi yabukoresheje neza mu gukora ibice by’ingenzi by’inkuta z’indege, byagize uruhare runini mu iterambere ry’indege nshya y’Ubushinwa. Mu 2003, ibikoresho bya mbere binini byo gusudira byatanzwe na HG Laser byahawe ubushobozi bwo gusudira imashini mu buryo bwa internet byakiriwe mu buryo butaziguye. Ibi bikoresho bihuriza hamwe uburyo bwo gukata, gusudira, no gutunganya ubushyuhe bwa laser, bituma HG Laser iba imwe mu nganda za kane ku isi zishobora gukora ibyo bikoresho. Mu 2004, umushinga "Gukata, Gusudira no Gutunganya Ikoranabuhanga n'Ibikoresho bya Laser bikoresha imbaraga nyinshi" wakozwe na HG Laser Farley Laserlab wegukanye igihembo cya kabiri cy'igihembo cy'igihugu cy'iterambere rya siyansi n'ikoranabuhanga, bituma iba ikigo cyonyine cy'ikoranabuhanga rya laser mu Bushinwa gifite ubushobozi bwo gusesengura no guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga n'ibikoresho. Bitewe n'iterambere ryihuse ry'inganda za laser, isoko ryashyize imbere ibisabwa byinshi ku ikoranabuhanga ryo gutunganya laser. Ikoranabuhanga rya laser ryagiye rihinduka buhoro buhoro kuva ku ikoreshwa rimwe rijya ku ikoreshwa ritandukanye. Ku bijyanye no gutunganya laser, ntabwo rigikoreshwa gusa mu gukata cyangwa gusudira rimwe. Isoko ry'ibikoresho bikoresha laser bihuza gukata no gusudira ririyongera, bityo ibikoresho bikoresha laser bihuza byagaragaye. HG Laser Farley Laserlab yateguye imashini ikoresha Walc9030, ifite imiterere minini cyane ya metero 9 × 3, ubu ikaba ari yo mashini nini ku isi ikoresha laser ihuza. Walc9030 ni igikoresho kinini gikoresha laser ihuza.imikorere yo gukata hakoreshejwe laser no gusudira hakoreshejwe laser. Ifite umutwe w’umwuga wo gukata n’umutwe wo gusudira, kandi imitwe ibiri yo gutunganya irasangira umurambararo umwe. Ikoranabuhanga ryo kugenzura imibare rituma idahuza. Ibikoresho bishobora kurangiza ibikorwa bibiri bisaba gukata no gusudira icyarimwe. Bishobora guhinduranya hagati yo gukata mbere hanyuma bigasudira, cyangwa gusudira mbere hanyuma bigasudira, bigakoresha imikorere ya laser no gusudira hakoreshejwe igikoresho kimwe nta kindi gikoresho gikenewe. Ibi bigabanya ikiguzi cy’ibikoresho ku bakora ibikoresho, binoza imikorere myiza no gutunganya. Byongeye kandi, bitewe no guhuza gukata no gusudira, ubuhanga bwo gutunganya burahamye, kandi imikorere y’ibikoresho irakora neza kandi ihamye. Byongeye kandi, byatsinze ingorane zo guhindura ubushyuhe bw’amasahani mu gihe cyo gusudira amasahani manini cyane no gushyira mu bikorwa inzira ndende cyane z’amatara. Bishobora gusudira amasahani abiri arambuye afite uburebure bwa metero 6 na metero 1.5 z’ubugari icyarimwe, kandi ubuso busudiye buba bwiza kandi burambuye nta yandi mabwiriza nyuma yo gutunganya. Muri icyo gihe, ishobora gukata amasahani afite ubugari bwa metero 3, uburebure burenga metero 6, n'ubugari buri munsi ya mm 20 mu buryo bumwe bwo kuyashyiraho nta mwanya wayo wa kabiri. Ikigo cya Shenyang Institute of Automation, Ishuri Rikuru ry'Ubumenyi ry'Abashinwa, cyakoranye ubufatanye mpuzamahanga na IHI Corporation (Ubuyapani). Ikurikije ingamba z'igihugu zo guteza imbere siyansi n'ikoranabuhanga zo "kwinjiza, gusya, kubyaza umusaruro no kongera guhanga udushya", yatsinze ikoranabuhanga ry'ingenzi ryagusudira hakoreshejwe laser, yateguye itsinda rya mbere ry’imiyoboro yuzuye yo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser muri Nzeri 2006, kandi yateje imbere sisitemu yo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser ya robotic, ikora isuku ya laser mu miterere y’imiterere n’imiterere y’ahantu. Mu Kwakira 2013, impuguke mu gusudira y’Umushinwa yegukanye igihembo cya Brook Award, igihembo cy’ikirenga mu rwego rw’amasomo mu bijyanye no gusudira. Ikigo gishinzwe gusudira (TWI, mu Bwongereza) gitanga inama kandi kigatanga abakandida buri mwaka baturutse mu mashami arenga 4.000 mu bihugu birenga 120, kandi amaherezo giha iki gihembo impuguke imwe mu rwego rwo gushimira uruhare rwabo ruhebuje mu bumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga ryo gusudira cyangwa guhuza no gukoresha ibikoresho byayo mu nganda. Iki gihembo si ugushimira Gong Shuili n’ikipe ye gusa, ahubwo ni no kwemeza uruhare rwa AVIC mu guteza imbere iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga ryo guhuza ibikoresho.
## Ibipimo by'imiterere
### Ibikoresho byo Gukora Bigizwe na oscillator y'urumuri n'icyuma gishyirwa hagati y'indorerwamo ku mpera zombi z'umwobo w'urumuri. Iyo icyo cyuma gishyushye kugeza ku rwego rwo hejuru rw'ingufu, gitangira gukora imiraba y'urumuri mu cyiciro, igaruka hagati y'indorerwamo ku mpera zombi, igakora ingaruka yo guhuza amashanyarazi. Ibi byongera imiraba y'urumuri, kandi iyo habonetse ingufu zihagije, laser irasohoka. Laser ishobora kandi gusobanurwa nk'igikoresho gihindura amasoko y'ingufu z'ibanze nk'ingufu z'amashanyarazi, ingufu za shimi, ingufu z'ubushyuhe, ingufu z'urumuri, cyangwa ingufu za kirimbuzi mo imirasire y'imirasire ya elegitoroniki y'imivuduko yihariye y'urumuri (urumuri rwa ultraviolet, urumuri rugaragara, cyangwa urumuri rwa infrared). Iri hinduka rishobora gukorwa byoroshye mu buryo bumwe na bumwe bw'ibintu bikomeye, amazi, cyangwa umwuka. Iyo ibyo byuma bishyushye mu buryo bwa atome cyangwa molekile, bitanga urumuri rufite hafi icyiciro kimwe n'uburebure bumwe bw'uburebure - laser. Bitewe n'imiterere yayo mu cyiciro kimwe n'uburebure bw'urumuri, inguni y'urumuri ni nto cyane, kandi ishobora koherezwa mu ntera ndende mbere yo gukururwa cyane kugira ngo itange imikorere nko gusudira, gukata, no gutunganya ubushyuhe. ### Gushyira mu byiciro imirasire ya laser Hari ubwoko bubiri bwa imirasire ya laser ikoreshwa mu gusudira, ari yo imirasire ya CO₂ na imirasire ya Nd:YAG. Imirasire ya CO₂ na imirasire ya Nd:YAG yombi ni urumuri rwa infrared rutagaragara ku maso. Umurasire ukorwa na imirasire ya Nd:YAG ahanini ni urumuri rwa infrared rufite uburebure bwa 1.06μm. Imashini zikoresha ubushyuhe zifite igipimo cyo kwinjiza urumuri rw'uru rumuri, kandi ku byuma byinshi, urumuri rugaragara ni 20%-30%. Umurasire wa infrared ushobora kuba ufite umurambararo wa 0.25mm hakoreshejwe lense zisanzwe z'urumuri. Umurasire wa laser ya CO₂ ni urumuri rwa infrared rufite uburebure bwa 10.6μm. Ibyuma byinshi bifite ubushobozi bwo kugarura urumuri bwa 80%-90% kuri ubwo bwoko bw'urumuri, bityo rero lenzi zidasanzwe z'urumuri zirakenewe kugira ngo umuraba ugere ku murambararo wa mm 0.75-1.0. Ingufu za lazeri za Nd:YAG muri rusange zishobora kugera kuri 4.000-6.000W, kandi imbaraga ntarengwa ubu zimaze kugera kuri 10.000W. Mu buryo bunyuranye, imbaraga za lazeri za CO₂ zishobora kugera kuri 20.000W cyangwa zirenzeho. Lazeri za CO₂ zifite imbaraga nyinshi zikemura ikibazo cyo kugarura urumuri rwinshi binyuze mu buryo bw'umwobo w'urumuri. Iyo ubuso bw'ibikoresho bushyushywa n'aho urumuri rushonze, havuka umwobo w'urufunguzo. Uyu mwobo wuzuyemo umwuka umeze nk'umubiri w'umukara, ufata hafi ingufu zose z'urumuri rw'impanuka. Ubushyuhe buri hagati y'umwobo w'urufunguzo bugera kuri 25.000°C, kandi kugarura urumuri kugabanuka vuba mu masegonda make. Nubwo iterambere rya laser za CO₂ rigikomeje kwibanda ku iterambere ry’ibikoresho n’ubushakashatsi, ntabwo rikiri iryo kongera imbaraga ntarengwa zo gutanga umusaruro, ahubwo ni uburyo bwo kunoza ubwiza bw’imirasire n’imikorere yayo yo kwibanda. Byongeye kandi, iyo argon ikoreshejwe nk'umwuka wo kurinda mu gusudira laser za CO₂ ifite imbaraga zirenze 10kW, ikunze gutera plasma ikomeye, ibi bigabanyiriza uburebure bw’amazi yinjira. Kubwibyo, helium, idakora plasma, ikunze gukoreshwa nk'umwuka wo kurinda mu gusudira laser za CO₂ ifite imbaraga nyinshi. Gukoresha ibyuma bivanze bya laser za diode mu gusudira kristu za Nd:YAG zishishikaje ni ingingo y'ingenzi mu bushakashatsi no guteza imbere, bizamura cyane ubwiza bw'imirasire ya laser kandi bigatera imbere mu gutunganya laser neza. Gukoresha ibyuma bihuza diode mu gukurura no gusohora laser mu gace ka hafi ya infrared byageze ku mbaraga mpuzandengo ya 1kW n'ubushobozi bwo guhindura amashanyarazi hafi 50%. Diode nazo zifite igihe kirekire cyo gukora (amasaha 10.000), bifasha kugabanya ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga ibikoresho bya laser. Iterambere ry'ibikoresho bya laser ya diode-pumped solid-state (DPSSL) naryo riri gutera imbere.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-27-2025
