Inenge zisanzwe mu gusudira hakoreshejwe laser ya aluminiyumu

Inenge zisanzwe muriGusudira hakoreshejwe laser ya aluminiyumu

Byaba ari gusudira hakoreshejwe laser cyangwagusudira hakoreshejwe laser-arc hybridikoreshwa mu byuma bya aluminiyumu, hari ibibazo bimwe na bimwe bya tekiniki bikunze kubaho, ni ukuvuga ko inenge zishobora kubaho iyo ibipimo by'imikorere n'imiterere yo gusudira bitajyanye n'icyuma.Ibidakwiye.Inenge zose mu ngingo za aluminiyumu zigizwe ahanini n'ubwoko bubiri: ubushyuhe bwo gusudira no gusudira icyuho gishyushye. Uretse ubushyuhe n'icyuho gishyushye, inenge nk'ubushyuhe bukabije no kudakora neza kw'inyuma nazo ziboneka mu gusudira aluminiyumu hakoreshejwe laser. Ugereranyije n'ubushyuhe bwo gusudira, amahirwe yo gusuka icyuho (kigaragara ku maso cyangwa munsi y'ubwinshi buke) ntabwo ari menshi. Ariko, kubera ko icyuho ari kibi cyane, JIS Z 3105 ivuga ko iyo icyuho kibonetse mu gusudira, isudi igomba gufatwa nk'icyiciro cya kane. Ubushyuhe bukabije, imiterere mibi y'inyuma n'izindi nenge ahanini ni inenge zikomeye ziterwa no kugenzura umuvuduko nabi cyangwa ibipimo by'imikorere bidahuye. Inenge nk'izo muri rusange zigaragara mu cyiciro cyo gushakisha no gukemura ibibazo, kandi ntizikunze kubaho mu bikorwa bisanzwe by'umusaruro. Kubwibyo, ubushyuhe ni ubwoko bw'inenge bugira ingaruka mbi cyane mu gusudira aluminiyumu hakoreshejwe laser no mu gukora inyubako zisudiwe, kandi biragoye kubikuraho burundu.

1. Gupfuka ibice

Ubusembwa bw'umuvuduko ni bwo busembwa bukunze kugaragara kandi bukomeye mugusudira aluminiyumu hakoreshejwe laser, ifite ingano kuva kuri mikoroni amagana kugeza kuri milimetero nyinshi. Uburyo bwo kuyirema ntabwo busobanutse neza. Ubuso bw'umuyoboro ntibugabanya gusa igice cy'imikorere myiza ya weld, ahubwo bunatera kwibanda ku muvuduko, bigagabanya imbaraga n'umunaniro w'ingingo ihujwe.

Iyo aluminiyumu ishongeshejwe mu kirere kirimo hidrojeni, ingano yayo ya hidrojeni imbere ishobora kugera kuri mililitiro zirenga 0.69/100g, ariko nyuma y’uko iyo aluminiyumu ikomera, gushonga kwayo kwa hidrojeni mu buryo bungana ni 0.036 ml/100g. Muri rusange, abantu bemera ko mu gihe cyo gukonjesha hakoreshejwe laser, gushonga kwa hidrojeni kugabanuka cyane, kandi imvura ya hidrojeni yuzuye ikazavamo hidrojeni. Gushonga kw'ibintu bishongesha hasi no gushonga cyane bishobora gutera gushonga, byitwa metallurgical porosity. Byongeye kandi, guhungabana k'umuringoti wa laser no kudahindagurika kw'umwobo w'ingenzi nabyo bishobora gutera gushonga, ariko iyo porosity ifite imiterere idahwitse kandi ishobora kwitwa porosity iterwa na process-induced. Bitewe n'imikorere myinshi ya shimi ya aloyide, firime ya okiside ikorwa byoroshye hejuru. Mu gihe cyo gusudira, amazi ya kristu n'amazi ahujwe yangiritse kuri firime ya okiside hejuru y'aloyide, hamwe n'ubushuhe mu kirere na gaze irinda, bibora neza kugira ngo bikore hidrojeni mu gace gashyuha cyane munsi y'ibikorwa bya laser. Iyi myuka ya hydrogen ishobora kwihuta mu gihe cyo gukonjesha no gukomera kwa pisine ishongeshejwe kugira ngo ikore uduce duto cyangwa ikabyara uduce duto ku firime ya oxide ishongeshejwe idashongeshejwe neza. Bitewe n'uburemere buke bw'uduce duto tw'aluminiya, umuvuduko uzamuka w'uduce duto muri pisine ishongeshejwe uragenda buhoro. Byongeye kandi, uduce duto tw'aluminiya dufite ubushyuhe bwinshi, kandi umuvuduko wo gukonjesha no gukomera kwa pisine ishongeshejwe ni mwinshi cyane. Uduce duto tudashobora gusohoka mu gihe kandi tukaguma mu mashini, bityo bigatuma habaho porosity ya metallurgike. Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko umwuka nyamukuru uri mu porosity ya aluminium alloy welds ari hydrogen, bityo porosity muri aluminium alloy welds rimwe na rimwe yitwa porosity ya hydrogen. Iyo urebye porosity ya porosity ivunitse munsi ya mikorosikopi ya elegitoroniki, porosity igaragaza imiterere y'uruziga ifite impera za dendrite zitondetse neza za kristu za dendritic, kandi urukuta rw'imbere ruraryoshye, rurasukuye kandi nta bimenyetso bya oxidation bifite. Kubaho kwa porosity ntibigabanya gusa ubucucike bwa porosity n'ubushobozi bwo gutwara bw'ingingo, ahubwo binagabanya imbaraga na plasticity by'ingingo ku rugero rutandukanye.

2. Uduce dushyushye

Imyanya ishyushye (harimo n'imyanya yo gushonga no gushonga) ibaho mu gihe cyo gushonga kw'icyuma gishongeshejwe kandi ni imwe mu ndwara zikunze kugaragara mu gusudira hakoreshejwe laser alloys za aluminiyumu. Ikintu kigaragara cyane mu miterere y'imyanya yo gushonga ni uko ubuso bw'imyanya yo gushonga bugizwe n'agace kanini k'amabuye y'agaciro cyangwa imiterere isa n'ibirayi, kandi ubuso bukunze kugumana eutectics zoroshye cyangwa uduce duto two gushonga hagati y'uduce duto, ndetse n'uduce twa filme y'amazi, ndetse n'uduce twa dendrites two gushonga. Imiterere y'imyanya yo gushonga isa n'iy'imyanya yo gushonga, ariko ifite imiterere y'imyanya yo gushonga hagati y'uduce duto cyangwa gushonga. Mu ivunika ry'imitsi ivanze n'imvanya ivanze munsi y'umunaniro, amasoko y'imyanya yo gushonga aterwa n'iyo mitsi ishyushye nayo arakunze kugaragara. Impamvu z'imyanya ishyushye mu gusudira hakoreshejwe laser alloys zifitanye isano ahanini n'imiterere yazo bwite n'uburyo bwo gusudira. Alloys za aluminiyumu zifite umuvuduko munini wo gushonga mugihe cyo gushonga (kugeza kuri 5%), bigatuma habaho umuvuduko munini wo gusudira no guhinduka; Byongeye kandi, imiterere y’uturemangingo tw’uturemangingo duto dushongeshwa ikorwa ku mbibi z’ingano mu gihe cyo gukomera kw’icyuma cyometseho, ibyo bigatuma imbaraga zo gufatanya kw’imipaka y’ingano zigabanuka, bityo bigatuma habaho imiyoboro ishyushye bitewe n’imbaraga zo gukurura. Byongeye kandi, imiterere y’imiyoboro mu gusudira hakoreshejwe laser ya aluminiyumu ishobora gukubiye mu byiciro bikurikira: imiyoboro yo hagati yometseho; imiyoboro yo guhuza imiyoboro; imiyoboro yo hagati mu miyoboro; imiyoboro yo gushonga mu bice bishyushye; imiyoboro yo gushonga mu bice bishyushye; imiyoboro iterwa na oxide films; n’imiyoboro mito y’uturemangingo.

Byongeye kandi, uburinzi buke mu gihe cyo gusudira butuma icyuma gishyushya gihura n'imyuka iri mu kirere, kandi ibintu byakozwemo nabyo bishobora kuba isoko y'imivuniko. Ubwoko n'ingano y'ibintu bivanze bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku buryo bushyushye bwo gucika mu gihe cyo gusudira aluminiyumu. Muri rusange, aluminiyumu ya Al-Si na Al-Mn ifite ubushobozi bwo gusudira neza kandi ntibyoroshye gutanga imivuniko ishyushye; mu gihe aluminiyumu ya Al-Mg, Al-Cu na Al-Zn ifite ubushobozi bwo gucikamo imivuniko ishyushye cyane. Uburyo bushyushye bwo gucikamo imivuniko bushobora kugabanuka hahinduwe ibipimo byo gusudira kugira ngo hagenzurwe igipimo cyo gushyushya no gukonjesha. Muri rusange, uburyo bushyushye bwo gusudira aluminiyumu ya laser-arc buruta ubwo gusudira insinga za laser, kandi uburyo bushyushye bwo gusudira insinga za laser buruta ubwo gusudira aluminiyumu.

3. Gukata no Gutwika

Aloyi za aluminiyumu zifite ingufu nke za ionization, kandi plasma iterwa n'amafoto ikunze gushyuha cyane no kwaguka mu gihe cyo gusudira, bigatuma inzira zo gusudira zidahindagurika. Byongeye kandi, aloyi za aluminiyumu zirimo amazi zigira ubushyuhe bwiza n'ubushyuhe buke bwo hejuru. Kugira ngo hongerwe neza, hakenerwa umuvuduko munini w'umwuka urinda n'imbaraga zo gusohora lazeri, ibyo bigatuma inzira yo gusudira idahindagurika cyane, bigatuma ikidendezi gishongeshejwe gihindagurika cyane iyo gishyushye kandi bigatera inenge nko gucibwa no gushya. Imiterere y'inyuma y'aloyi za aluminiyumu zisutswe na lazeri ishobora kunozwa neza hashyizweho icyuma cy'umuringa gikonjeshejwe n'amazi inyuma y'aloyi.

4. Gushyiramo Slag

Indi myitwarire ikunze kugaragara mu gusudira umubiri w'imodoka ni ugushyiramo slag mu byuma bisukura. Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko gushyiramo slag ahanini bituruka kuri okiside iri ku buso bw'insinga zo gusudira n'izo gusudira, ndetse n'imikorere idahamye mu gushyira ibikoresho bya aluminiyumu mu mwanya wabyo. Kubwibyo, abakora ibikoresho bya aluminiyumu bagomba kongera udushya mu ikoranabuhanga no kunoza uburyo bwo gusuka kugira ngo bagabanye imyanda na hydrogen mu bikoresho fatizo kandi bongere ubuziranenge bw'ibicuruzwa.