Ikoreshwa ry'ikoranabuhanga ryo gushushanya imirasire mu nganda zikora inyongeramusaruro za laser mu byuma

Ikoranabuhanga ryo gukora inyongeramusaruro za laser (AM), rifite ibyiza byo gukora neza cyane, ubworoherane bukomeye, hamwe n'urwego rwo hejuru rw'imikorere ikora, rikoreshwa cyane mu gukora ibice by'ingenzi mu nzego nka imodoka, ubuvuzi, indege, nibindi (nk'iminwa ya roketi, ibyuma bya antene za satelite, implants z'abantu, nibindi). Iri koranabuhanga rishobora kunoza cyane imikorere y'ibice byacapwe binyuze mu gukora imiterere n'imikorere y'ibikoresho. Muri iki gihe, ikoranabuhanga ryo gukora inyongeramusaruro za laser muri rusange rikoresha icyuma cya Gaussian cyibanda ku muyoboro ufite ingufu zo hagati n'iziciriritse. Ariko, akenshi ritanga ubushyuhe bwinshi mu gushonga, bigatera imisemburo n'ibinyampeke bikomeye. Ikoranabuhanga ryo gushushanya imiyoboro ni uburyo bushya bwo gukemura iki kibazo, bunoza imikorere n'ubwiza bw'icapiro binyuze mu guhindura ikwirakwizwa ry'ingufu za laser.

Ugereranyije n'uburyo busanzwe bwo gukuramo no gukora ibintu bingana, ikoranabuhanga ryo gukora ibikoresho by'inyongeramusaruro rifite ibyiza nko gukora ibintu mu gihe gito, gutunganya neza, gukoresha ibikoresho neza, no gukora neza ibice muri rusange. Kubwibyo, ikoranabuhanga ryo gukora ibikoresho by'inyongeramusaruro rikoreshwa cyane mu nganda nka za aerospace, intwaro n'ibikoresho, ingufu za kirimbuzi, imiti ikoreshwa mu by'ibinyabuzima, n'imodoka. Hashingiwe ku ihame ryo gukusanya ibintu bitandukanye, gukora ibikoresho by'inyongeramusaruro bikoresha isoko y'ingufu (nka laser, arc, cyangwa electron beam) kugira ngo bishongeshe ifu cyangwa insinga, hanyuma bakabirundanya urwego ku rundi kugira ngo bakore igice cy'ingenzi. Iri koranabuhanga rifite inyungu zikomeye mu gukora uduce duto, imiterere igoye, cyangwa ibice byihariye. Ibikoresho bidashobora kuba cyangwa bigoye gutunganya hakoreshejwe uburyo gakondo nabyo birakwiriye mu gutegura hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gukora ibikoresho by'inyongeramusaruro. Bitewe n'inyungu zavuzwe haruguru, ikoranabuhanga ryo gukora ibikoresho by'inyongeramusaruro ryakuruye ibitekerezo byinshi by'abahanga mu gihugu no mu mahanga. Mu myaka mike ishize, ikoranabuhanga ryo gukora ibikoresho by'inyongeramusaruro ryateye imbere cyane. Bitewe n'uburyo bwo gukora ibikoresho by'inyongeramusaruro n'uburyo bworoshye bwo gukora ibikoresho by'inyongeramusaruro bya laser, ndetse n'inyungu rusange zo gukoresha ingufu nyinshi za laser no gutunganya neza, ikoranabuhanga ryo gukora ibikoresho by'inyongeramusaruro bya laser ryateje imbere ikoranabuhanga ryihuse cyane mu gukora ibikoresho by'inyongeramusaruro bitatu byavuzwe haruguru.

Ikoranabuhanga ryo gukora inyongeramusaruro za laser rishobora kugabanywamo LPBF na DED. Ishusho ya 1 igaragaza imbonerahamwe isanzwe y'imikorere ya LPBF na DED. Uburyo bwa LPBF, buzwi kandi nka Selective Laser Melting (SLM), bushobora gukora ibice by'icyuma bigoye binyuze mu gusesengura imirasire ya laser ifite ingufu nyinshi ku nzira ihamye ku buso bw'ifu. Hanyuma, ifu irashonga kandi igakomera urwego ku rundi. Uburyo bwa DED bukubiyemo ahanini inzira ebyiri zo gucapa: gushyiramo inyongeramusaruro za laser no gukora inyongeramusaruro za laser. Izi koranabuhanga zombi zishobora gukora no gusana ibice by'icyuma binyuze mu gutanga ifu y'icyuma cyangwa insinga. Ugereranyije na LPBF, DED ifite umusaruro mwinshi kandi ifite ubuso bunini bwo gukora. Byongeye kandi, ubu buryo bushobora no gutegura byoroshye ibikoresho bivanze n'ibikoresho bikozwe mu byiciro. Ariko, ubwiza bw'ibice byacapwe na DED buhora ari bubi, kandi gutunganya nyuma birakenewe kugira ngo kunoze imiterere y'ibice by'ingenzi.

Mu buryo bwo gukora inyongeramusaruro za laser ubu, icyuma cya Gaussian cyibanda ku gipimo cy’ingufu akenshi ni cyo gikomokaho. Ariko, bitewe n’ikwirakwizwa ryacyo ryihariye ry’ingufu (hagati cyane, ku nkengero nke), gishobora gutera ubushyuhe bwinshi no kudahinduka kw’ikidendezi gishonga. Bigatuma ibice byacapwe bitameze neza. Byongeye kandi, niba ubushyuhe bwo hagati bw’ikidendezi gishonga ari bwinshi cyane, bizatuma ibice by’icyuma bishonga hasi bihinduka umwuka, bikongera kudahinduka kw’imikorere ya LPFF. Kubwibyo, hamwe no kwiyongera kwa porosity, imiterere ya mekanike n’igihe cyo kunanirwa kw’ibice byacapwe biragabanuka cyane. Ikwirakwizwa ry’ingufu ritaringaniye ry’ibice byacapwe nabyo bituma ingufu za laser zikoreshwa nabi kandi zigatakaza ingufu nyinshi. Kugira ngo bagere ku bwiza bwo gucapa, abahanga batangiye gushakisha uburyo bwo kwishyura inenge z’ibice bya Gaussian bahindura ibipimo by’imikorere nk’ingufu za laser, umuvuduko wo gupima, ubunini bw’urwego rw’ifu, n’ingamba zo gupima, kugira ngo bagenzure ubushobozi bwo kwinjiza ingufu. Bitewe n’idirishya rito cyane ryo gutunganya ubu buryo, imbogamizi zihamye zigabanya ubushobozi bwo kunoza kurushaho. Urugero, kongera imbaraga za laser no kwihuta mu gushakisha bishobora kugera ku musaruro mwiza wo gukora, ariko akenshi bizana ingaruka ku ireme ry’icapiro. Mu myaka ya vuba aha, guhindura ikwirakwizwa ry’ingufu za laser binyuze mu ngamba zo gushushanya imirasire bishobora kunoza cyane imikorere myiza y’inganda no gucapa, bishobora kuba icyerekezo cy’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga ryo gukora imirasire ya laser. Ikoranabuhanga ryo gushushanya imirasire muri rusange ryerekeza ku guhindura ikwirakwizwa ry’imirasire y’imbere y’umurasire w’inyongera kugira ngo haboneke ikwirakwizwa ry’ubukana n’imiterere y’ikwirakwizwa ry’imirasire. Ikoreshwa ry’ikoranabuhanga ryo gushushanya imirasire mu ikoranabuhanga ryo gukora imirasire y’icyuma rigaragazwa ku Ishusho ya 2.

Ikoreshwa ry'ikoranabuhanga ryo gushushanya imirasire mu nganda zikora inyongeramusaruro za laser

Ingorane zo gucapa imirasire ya Gaussian gakondo

Mu ikoranabuhanga ryo gukora inyongeramusaruro za laser mu byuma, ikwirakwizwa ry'ingufu z'umurabyo wa laser rigira ingaruka zikomeye ku bwiza bw'ibice byacapwe. Nubwo imirasire ya Gaussian yakoreshejwe cyane mu bikoresho byo gukora inyongeramusaruro za laser mu byuma, ifite imbogamizi zikomeye nko kuba ireme ry'icapiro ridahindagurika, ikoreshwa ry'ingufu nke, n'amadirishya magufi mu gukora inyongeramusaruro. Muri byo, inzira yo gushonga kw'ifu n'imikorere y'ikidendezi cyashongeshejwe mu gihe cyo gukora inyongeramusaruro za laser mu byuma bifitanye isano rya hafi n'ubugari bw'urwego rw'ifu. Bitewe n'uko hari ahantu hasukwa ifu n'ubutaka, ubugari nyabwo bw'urwego rw'ifu buruta uko byari byitezwe. Icya kabiri, inkingi y'umwuka yateje inyongeramusaruro nini y'inyuma. Umwotsi w'icyuma ugongana n'urukuta rw'inyuma kugira ngo habeho inyongeramusaruro, zisukwa ku rukuta rw'imbere rugororotse ku gice cy'icyumba cyashongeshejwe (nk'uko bigaragara ku Ishusho ya 3). Bitewe n'imikoranire ikomeye hagati y'urutare rwa laser n'inyongeramusaruro, inyongeramusaruro zisohoka zishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku bwiza bw'inyongeramusaruro z'inyongeramusaruro z'inyongeramusaruro. Byongeye kandi, ishyirwaho ry'imyobo y'imfunguzo mu kidendezi cyashongeshejwe bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku bwiza bw'ibice byacapwe. Umwobo w'imbere w'ikintu cyacapwe ahanini uterwa n'imyobo idakora neza ifunga.

Uburyo bwo gukora inenge mu ikoranabuhanga ryo gushushanya imirasire

Ikoranabuhanga ryo gushushanya imirasire rishobora kunoza imikorere mu bipimo byinshi icyarimwe, bitandukanye n'imirasire ya Gaussian irushaho kunoza imikorere mu gipimo kimwe ku giciro cyo kwirengagiza ibindi bipimo. Ikoranabuhanga ryo gushushanya imirasire rishobora guhindura neza uburyo ubushyuhe bukwirakwira n'imiterere y'amazi mu kidendezi gishongeshejwe. Mu kugenzura ikwirakwizwa ry'ingufu za laser, ikidendezi gishongeshejwe gihamye gifite ubushyuhe buto kiboneka. Ikwirakwizwa ry'ingufu za laser rikwiye ni ingirakamaro mu gukumira imyenge n'inenge zituruka mu gutonyanga, no kunoza ireme ry'icapiro rya laser ku bice by'icyuma. Rishobora kugera ku kunoza uburyo butandukanye bwo gukora no gukoresha ifu. Muri icyo gihe, ikoranabuhanga ryo gushushanya imirasire riduha ingamba nyinshi zo gutunganya, ribohora cyane ubwisanzure bwo gushushanya, ari na yo ntambwe ikomeye mu ikoranabuhanga ryo gukora inyongera za laser.