Ugereranije nubuhanga gakondo bwo gusudira,gusudiraifite ibyiza bitagereranywa mu gusudira neza, gukora neza, kwiringirwa, kwikora no mubindi bintu. Mu myaka yashize, yateye imbere byihuse mubijyanye n’imodoka, ingufu, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki n’izindi nzego, kandi ifatwa nkimwe mu ikoranabuhanga ritanga umusaruro mu kinyejana cya 21.
1. Incamake yuburyo bubirigusudira
Kabirigusudirani ugukoresha uburyo bwa optique bwo gutandukanya lazeri imwe mumirongo ibiri itandukanye yumucyo wo gusudira, cyangwa gukoresha ubwoko bubiri butandukanye bwa lazeri kugirango uhuze, nka CO2 laser, Nd: YAG laser na laser semiconductor laser. Byose birashobora guhuzwa. Byasabwe cyane cyane gukemura ikibazo cyo guhuza imiterere yo gusudira lazeri kugirango ikorwe neza, kunoza imikorere yo gusudira, no kuzamura ireme. KabirigusudiraIrashobora guhuza byoroshye kandi byoroshye guhinduranya ubushuhe bwo gusudira muguhindura igipimo cyingufu zumuriro, intera yumurambararo, ndetse nuburyo bwo gukwirakwiza ingufu zibiti bibiri bya lazeri, bigahindura uburyo bwo kubaho bwurufunguzo hamwe nuburyo bwo gutembera kwicyuma cyamazi muri pisine yashongeshejwe. Itanga amahitamo yagutse yo gusudira. Ntabwo ifite ibyiza gusa bininigusudirakwinjira, umuvuduko wihuse kandi neza, ariko kandi birakwiriye kubikoresho hamwe ningingo bigoye gusudira hamwe nibisanzwegusudira.
Kubirigusudira, tubanze tuganire kuburyo bwo gushyira mubikorwa laser-double laser. Ubuvanganzo bwuzuye bwerekana ko hari inzira ebyiri zingenzi zo kugera kubudozi bubiri-gusudira: kwibanda no kwibanda kubitekerezo. By'umwihariko, imwe igerwaho muguhindura inguni no gutandukanya lazeri ebyiri binyuze mu kwibanda ku ndorerwamo no gukusanya indorerwamo. Ibindi bigerwaho hifashishijwe isoko ya laser hanyuma ukibanda mukugaragaza indorerwamo, indorerwamo zanduza hamwe nindorerwamo zimeze nka wedge kugirango ugere kumirongo ibiri. Kuburyo bwa mbere, hariho uburyo butatu. Ifishi ya mbere ni uguhuza laseri ebyiri binyuze muri fibre optique hanyuma ukayigabanyamo ibice bibiri bitandukanye munsi yindorerwamo imwe hamwe no kwibanda ku ndorerwamo. Iya kabiri ni uko lazeri ebyiri zisohora lazeri zinyuze mu mutwe wazo wo gusudira, kandi urumuri rwa kabiri rukorwa muguhindura umwanya wimitwe yo gusudira. Uburyo bwa gatatu ni uko urumuri rwa lazeri rwabanje kugabanywa binyuze mu ndorerwamo ebyiri 1 na 2, hanyuma zikibanda ku ndorerwamo ebyiri yibanze 3 na 4. Umwanya nintera iri hagati yibyerekezo byombi birashobora guhindurwa muguhindura inguni zindorerwamo zibiri yibandaho 3 na 4. Uburyo bwa kabiri nugukoresha lazeri-ikomeye kugirango igabanye urumuri kugirango ugere kumirongo ibiri, hanyuma uhindure inguni na intera binyuze mu ndorerwamo ireba hamwe n'indorerwamo. Amashusho abiri yanyuma kumurongo wambere hepfo yerekana sisitemu ya spekitroscopique ya laser ya CO2. Indorerwamo iringaniye isimbuzwa indorerwamo imeze nk'umugozi hanyuma igashyirwa imbere yindorerwamo yibanda kugirango igabanye urumuri kugirango igere ku rumuri ruringaniye.
Nyuma yo gusobanukirwa ishyirwa mubikorwa ryibiti bibiri, reka tumenye muri make amahame nuburyo bwo gusudira. Muburyo bubirigusudirainzira, hariho ibintu bitatu bisanzwe byateganijwe, aribyo gutondekanya urutonde, kubangikanya hamwe no kuvanga imvange. umwenda, ni ukuvuga, hari intera haba mu cyerekezo cyo gusudira no mu cyerekezo cyo gusudira. Nkuko bigaragara kumurongo wanyuma wigishushanyo, ukurikije imiterere itandukanye yibyobo bito n'ibidendezi byashongeshejwe bigaragara munsi yumwanya utandukanye mugihe cyo gusudira, birashobora gukomeza kugabanywa gushonga. Hano hari leta eshatu: pisine, pisine isanzwe yashongeshejwe hamwe na pisine yatandukanijwe. Ibiranga pisine imwe yashongeshejwe hamwe na pisine yashongeshejwe bisa nibya kimwegusudira, nkuko bigaragara mu gishushanyo mbonera. Hariho ingaruka zitandukanye zuburyo butandukanye.
Ubwoko bwa 1: Munsi yikibanza runaka, urufunguzo rwibiti bibiri bigize urufunguzo runini rusanzwe muri pisine imwe yashongeshejwe; kubwoko bwa 1, haravugwa ko urumuri rumwe rwumucyo rukoreshwa mukurema umwobo muto, naho urundi rumuri rwumucyo rukoreshwa mugusudira ubushyuhe, bushobora kunoza neza imiterere yimiterere yibyuma bya karubone nini nicyuma.
Ubwoko bwa 2: Ongera umwanya wikibanza muri pisine imwe yashongeshejwe, tandukanya imirongo ibiri mumfunguzo ebyiri zigenga, hanyuma uhindure uburyo bwo gutembera kwa pisine yashongeshejwe; kubwoko bwa 2, imikorere yacyo ihwanye na elegitoroniki ebyiri yo gusudira, Kugabanya gusudira gusudira hamwe no gusudira bidasanzwe kuburebure bukwiye.
Ubwoko bwa 3: Ongera wongere umwanya wikibanza kandi uhindure igipimo cyingufu zumurongo wibiti byombi, kugirango kimwe muribiri byombi gikoreshwe nkisoko yubushyuhe kugirango gikore mbere yo gusudira cyangwa nyuma yo gusudira mugihe cyo gusudira, nibindi bikoresho ni Byakoreshejwe Kuri Kubyara Ibyobo. Kubwoko bwa 3, ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko ibiti byombi bigize urufunguzo, umwobo muto ntiworoshye gusenyuka, kandi gusudira ntibyoroshye kubyara imyenge.
2. Ingaruka yuburyo bwo gusudira kumiterere yo gusudira
Ingaruka yikigereranyo cyingufu zingirakamaro kumasuderi
Iyo ingufu za laser ari 2kW, umuvuduko wo gusudira ni 45 mm / s, umubare wa defocus ni 0mm, naho intera ya beam ni mm 3, imiterere yubuso iyo uhinduye RS (RS = 0.50, 0.67, 1.50, 2.00) ni nka Ishusho. Iyo RS = 0.50 na 2.00, gusudira byashizwe ku rugero runini, kandi hari byinshi bisandara ku nkombe ya weld, bitarinze gukora ibipimo by'amafi bisanzwe. Ibi ni ukubera ko iyo igipimo cyingufu za beam ari gito cyane cyangwa kinini cyane, ingufu za lazeri ziba zegeranye cyane, bigatuma laser pinhole ihindagurika cyane mugihe cyo gusudira, kandi umuvuduko wa recoil yumuyaga utera gusohora no kumeneka gushonga icyuzi cya pisine muri pisine yashongeshejwe; Ubushyuhe bukabije bwinjiza butera ubwimbike bwikidendezi cyashongeshejwe kuruhande rwa aluminiyumu ya aliyumu kuba nini cyane, bigatera depression bitewe nigikorwa cya rukuruzi. Iyo RS = 0,67 na 1.50, igipimo cyamafi yubuso hejuru yubudodo burasa, imiterere yo gusudira iba nziza cyane, kandi ntihaboneka kugaragara gusudira gushushe, imyenge nizindi nenge zo gusudira hejuru yubudodo. Imiterere yambukiranya ibice byo gusudira hamwe ningero zinyuranye zingufu za RS nkuko bigaragara mumashusho. Kwambukiranya ibice byo gusudira biri muburyo busanzwe bwa "divayi yikirahure", byerekana ko gahunda yo gusudira ikorwa muburyo bwo gusudira bwa laser. RS ifite uruhare runini mubwinjira bwimbitse P2 ya weld kuruhande rwa aluminiyumu. Iyo igipimo cy'ingufu z'amashanyarazi RS = 0.5, P2 ni mikoro 1203.2. Iyo igipimo cy'ingufu za beam ari RS = 0,67 na 1.5, P2 iragabanuka cyane, ni microne 403.3 na microne 93,6. Iyo igipimo cy'ingufu za beam ari RS = 2, ubujyakuzimu bwa weld bwinjira mubice byambukiranya ni microne 1151,6.
Ingaruka zingana zingana ningufu zingufu zo gusudira
Iyo ingufu za lazeri ari 2.8kW, umuvuduko wo gusudira ni 33mm / s, umubare wa defocus ni 0mm, naho intera yumurambararo ni 1mm, ubuso bwo gusudira buboneka muguhindura igipimo cyingufu za beam (RS = 0.25, 0.5, 0.67, 1.5 , 2, 4) Ibigaragara byerekanwe mubishusho. Iyo RS = 2, igipimo cyamafi yubuso bwa weld ntigisanzwe. Ubuso bwa weld bwabonetse kubindi bitanu bitandukanya ingufu zingirakamaro zakozwe neza, kandi nta nenge zigaragara nka pore na spatter. Kubwibyo, ugereranije na serial dual-beamgusudira, ubuso bwo gusudira ukoresheje parallel dual-beam ni byinshi kandi byiza. Iyo RS = 0.25, habaho kwiheba gake muri weld; uko igipimo cy'ingufu z'igiti cyiyongera buhoro buhoro (RS = 0.5, 0,67 na 1.5), ubuso bwa weld burasa kandi nta depression ibaho; icyakora, iyo igipimo cyingufu za beam kirushijeho kwiyongera (RS = 1.50, 2.00), ariko hariho kwiheba hejuru ya weld. Iyo igipimo cy'ingufu z'amashanyarazi RS = 0,25, 1.5 na 2, imiterere-karemano ya weld ni “vino imeze nk'ikirahure”; iyo RS = 0.50, 0.67 na 1, imiterere yambukiranya ibice byo gusudira ni "ishusho ya feri". Iyo RS = 4, ntabwo havutse gusa ibice byo hepfo ya weld, ariko nanone imyenge imwe n'imwe ikorwa mugice cyo hagati no hepfo ya weld. Iyo RS = 2, imyenge minini igaragara imbere muri weld, ariko ntagice kigaragara. Iyo RS = 0.5, 0.67 na 1.5, ubujyakuzimu bwinjira muri P2 yo gusudira kuruhande rwa aluminiyumu ya aluminiyumu iba nto, kandi igice cyambukiranya imashini cyakozwe neza kandi nta nenge igaragara yo gusudira igaragara. Ibi byerekana ko igipimo cyingufu zamashanyarazi mugihe cyo gusana kabiri-laser laser yo gusudira nayo igira ingaruka zikomeye kumasemburo yinjira no gusudira.
Igikoresho kibangikanye - ingaruka zo gutandukanya urumuri kumasuderi
Iyo ingufu za lazeri ari 2.8kW, umuvuduko wo gusudira ni 33mm / s, umubare wa defocus ni 0mm, naho igipimo cy’ingufu za beam RS = 0.67, hindura umwanya wibiti (d = 0.5mm, 1mm, 1.5mm, 2mm) kugirango ubone ubuso bwa weld morfologiya nkuko ishusho ibigaragaza. Iyo d = 0.5mm, 1mm, 1.5mm, 2mm, hejuru ya weld iroroshye kandi iringaniye, kandi imiterere ni nziza; igipimo cyamafi yuburyo bwo gusudira nibisanzwe kandi byiza, kandi nta byobo bigaragara, uduce nizindi nenge. Kubwibyo, munsi yuburyo bune butandukanijwe, ubuso bwasuditswe burakozwe neza. Byongeye kandi, iyo d = 2 mm, hashyizweho udusimba tubiri dutandukanye, ibyo bikaba byerekana ko imirongo ibiri ibangikanye na lazeri itagikora kuri pisine yashongeshejwe, kandi ntishobora gukora uburyo bwiza bwo gusudira bwa lazeri ya laser. Iyo intera yumurambararo ari 0.5mm, gusudira ni "shusho ya feri", ubujyakuzimu bwinjira muri P2 ya weld kuruhande rwa aluminiyumu ni microni 712.9, kandi nta gucamo, imyenge nizindi nenge imbere muri weld. Mugihe intera yibiti ikomeje kwiyongera, ubujyakuzimu bwa P2 bwa weld kuruhande rwa aluminiyumu igabanuka cyane. Iyo intera iri hagati ya mm 1, ubujyakuzimu bwinjira muri weld kuruhande rwa aluminiyumu ni microni 94.2 gusa. Mugihe intera irushijeho kwiyongera, gusudira ntigukora neza kuruhande rwa aluminiyumu. Kubwibyo, iyo intera yumurambararo ari 0.5mm, ingaruka zibiri-reombination ningirakamaro. Mugihe intera yumurambararo yiyongera, ubushyuhe bwo gusudira bwinjira bugabanuka cyane, kandi ingaruka zibiri-lazeri zongera kwiyongera buhoro buhoro.
Itandukaniro muri morphologie yo gusudira iterwa no gutembera gutandukanye no gukonjesha gukomeye kwa pisine yashongeshejwe mugihe cyo gusudira. Uburyo bwo kwigana muburyo ntibushobora gutuma isesengura ryibibazo bya pisine yashongeshejwe gusa, ariko kandi bigabanya ikiguzi cyubushakashatsi. Ishusho ikurikira irerekana impinduka mumpande zashonga hamwe nigiti kimwe, gahunda zitandukanye hamwe nu mwanya. Imyanzuro nyamukuru irimo: (1) Mugihe kimwegusudirainzira, ubujyakuzimu bwa pisine yashongeshejwe nuburebure bwimbitse, hariho ikibazo cyo gusenyuka, urukuta rwumwobo ntirisanzwe, kandi ikwirakwizwa ryumurima utemba hafi yurukuta rwumwobo ntiruringaniye; hafi yinyuma yinyuma ya pisine yashongeshejwe irakomeye, kandi hariho kugaruka hejuru hepfo ya pisine yashongeshejwe; imigezi yo gukwirakwiza ikidendezi cyashongeshejwe ni kimwe kandi gitinda, kandi ubugari bwa pisine yashongeshejwe ntiburinganiye bwerekezo bwimbitse. Hariho imvururu ziterwa numuvuduko wurukuta muri pisine yashongeshejwe hagati yumwobo muto mumirongo ibirigusudira, kandi burigihe ibaho muburyo bwimbitse bwicyerekezo gito. Mugihe intera iri hagati yibiti byombi ikomeje kwiyongera, ubwinshi bwingufu zumurambararo buhoro buhoro buva mumasonga imwe bugana kumpande ebyiri. Hano hari agaciro ntarengwa hagati yimpinga zombi, kandi ubwinshi bwingufu buragabanuka buhoro buhoro. (2) Kuburyo bubirigusudira, iyo umwanya wikibanza ari 0-0.5mm, ubujyakuzimu bwa pisine yashongeshejwe ibyobo bito bigabanuka gato, kandi muri rusange imyitwarire ya pisine yashongeshejwe isa niy'umurongo umwegusudira; iyo intera yibibanza iri hejuru ya 1mm, umwobo muto uratandukanijwe rwose, kandi mugihe cyo gusudira Ntaho habaho imikoranire hagati ya lazeri zombi, ibyo bikaba bihwanye na bibiri bikurikiranye / bibiri bibangikanye na beam laser yo gusudira ifite ingufu za 1750W. Nta ngaruka zo gushyushya zibaho, kandi imyitwarire ya pisine yashongeshejwe isa niy'urumuri rumwe rukumbi. . Imivurungano iri hagati yimyobo mito nigitemba cya pisine yashongeshejwe ni 0.8mm. Abakomeye. Kubisudira bikurikirana, uburebure bwa pisine yashongeshejwe bwiyongera buhoro buhoro, ubugari nubunini iyo intera iri hagati ya 0.8mm, kandi ingaruka zo gushyushya zigaragara cyane mugihe intera iriho 0.8mm. Ingaruka zingufu za Marangoni zigenda zigabanuka buhoro buhoro, kandi amazi menshi yicyuma atemba kumpande zombi zicyuzi gishongeshejwe. Kora ubugari bwo gushonga gukwirakwiza byinshi. Kuri gusudira kubangikanye, ubugari bwa pisine yashongeshejwe bwiyongera buhoro buhoro, kandi uburebure ni ntarengwa kuri 0.8mm, ariko nta ngaruka zo gushyushya; kugaruka hafi yubuso bwatewe ningufu za Marangoni burigihe burahari, kandi kumanuka kumanuka hepfo yumwobo muto birashira; umurima utambukiranya ibice ntabwo ari byiza nkuko Bikomeye murukurikirane, imivurungano ntigira ingaruka cyane kumugezi kumpande zombi zicyuzi cyashongeshejwe, kandi ubugari bwashongeshejwe ntibukwirakwijwe.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-12-2023
