1. Incamake y'inganda za laser
(1) Intangiriro ya Lazeri
Laser (Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation, mu magambo ahinnye nka LASER) ni urumuri rugizwe n'urumuri rumwe, ruhuza, ruhuza, kandi rwerekeza mu cyerekezo rukorwa no kwiyongera kw'imirasire y'urumuri ku buryo buciriritse binyuze mu gukurura no ku mirasire.
Ikoranabuhanga rya laser ryatangiye mu ntangiriro za 1960, kandi kubera imiterere yaryo itandukanye rwose n'urumuri rusanzwe, laser yahise ikoreshwa cyane mu nzego zitandukanye kandi igira ingaruka zikomeye ku iterambere n'impinduka muri siyansi, ikoranabuhanga, ubukungu na sosiyete.
Ivuka rya laser ryahinduye cyane isura ya optique ya kera, rikura fiziki ya optique ya kera mu ishami rishya ry’ikoranabuhanga rigezweho rikubiyemo optique ya kera na fotoniki igezweho, ritanga umusanzu udasanzwe mu iterambere ry’ubukungu bw’abantu n’imibereho. Ubushakashatsi bwa fiziki ya laser bwagize uruhare mu iterambere ry’amashami abiri akomeye ya fiziki ya photonic igezweho: energy photonics na information photonics. Rikubiyemo optique idahuje umurongo, quantum optics, quantum computing, laser sensing and communication, laser plasma physics, laser chemistry, laser biology, laser medicine, ultra-precise laser spectroscopy na metrology, laser atomic physics harimo laser cooling na Bose-Einstein condensed matter research, laser functional materials, laser manufacture, laser micro-optoelectronic chip fabrication, laser 3D printing na laser 3D fields international frontier and implications. Ishami ry’Ubumenyi n’Ikoranabuhanga rya Laser (DSL) ryashinzwe muri izi nzego zikurikira.
Mu nganda zikora imashini zikoresha imirasire ya laser, isi yinjiye mu gihe cy' "inganda zikora utuntu duto", nk'uko imibare mpuzamahanga y'inganda zikora imashini zikoresha imirasire ya laser ibivuga, 50% by'umusaruro rusange wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika1 bifitanye isano n'iterambere ryihuse ry'isoko ry'inganda zikoresha imirasire ya laser ku rwego rwo hejuru. Ibihugu byinshi byateye imbere, bihagarariwe na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Ubudage n'Ubuyapani, byarangije gusimbuza inzira gakondo zikoreshwa mu nganda zikora imashini zikoresha imirasire ya laser mu nganda zikomeye nk'izikora imodoka n'indege. Imashini zikoresha imirasire ya laser mu nganda zagaragaje ubushobozi bukomeye bwo gukora imashini zihendutse, nziza, zikora neza kandi zidasanzwe zitagerwaho n'inganda zisanzwe, kandi zabaye ikintu cy'ingenzi gitera amarushanwa n'udushya mu bihugu bikomeye ku isi by'inganda. Ibihugu bishyigikiye cyane ikoranabuhanga rya laser nk'imwe mu ikoranabuhanga rikomeye kandi byashyizeho gahunda z'igihugu zo guteza imbere inganda zikoresha imirasire ya laser.
(2)LaserIsoko Pgushwanyagurika
Laser ni igikoresho gikoresha imirasire ishyushye kugira ngo itange urumuri rugaragara cyangwa rutagaragara, rufite imiterere igoye n'inzitizi zikomeye za tekiniki. Sisitemu y'urumuri igizwe ahanini n'isoko ya pompe (isoko yo gushyushya), ingano y'amashanyarazi (ikintu gikora) n'umwobo w'amashanyarazi n'ibindi bikoresho by'urumuri. Urwego rw'amashanyarazi ni isoko yo gukora fotoni, kandi mu gukurura ingufu zikomoka ku isoko ya pompe, ingano y'amashanyarazi iva mu mimerere yo gushyushya ijya mu mimerere yo gushyushya. Kubera ko imiterere yo gushyushya idahamye, muri iki gihe, ingano y'amashanyarazi izarekura ingufu kugira ngo igaruke mu mimerere ihamye y'ubutaka. Muri iki gikorwa cyo kurekura ingufu, ingano y'amashanyarazi ikora fotoni, kandi izi fotoni zifite urwego rwo hejuru rw'ingufu, uburebure bw'umurambararo n'icyerekezo, zihora zigaragara mu mwobo w'amashanyarazi, ingendo zisubiranamo, kugira ngo zikomeze kwiyongera, hanyuma zigasohora laser binyuze mu gitereko kugira ngo zikore urumuri rwa laser. Nk'urwego rw'ibanze rw'ibikoresho bya terminal, imikorere ya laser ikunze kugena neza ubwiza n'imbaraga by'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi w'ibikoresho bya laser, ni cyo gice cy'ingenzi cy'ibikoresho bya terminal bya laser.
Isoko ya pompe (isoko yo gushyushya) itanga ingufu zo gushyushya imashini yo gukuramo imashini. Isoko yo gukuramo imashini ishishikajwe no gukora fotoni kugira ngo ikore kandi yongere imbaraga za laser. Umwobo wa resonant ni ahantu imiterere ya photon (inshuro, icyiciro n'icyerekezo cy'imikorere) igenzurwa kugira ngo haboneke isoko y'urumuri rwiza rutanga umusaruro binyuze mu kugenzura imihindagurikire ya photon mu mwobo. Isoko ya pompe (isoko yo gushyushya imashini) itanga ingufu zo gukuramo imashini yo gukuramo imashini. Isoko yo gukuramo imashini ishishikajwe no gukora fotoni kugira ngo ikore kandi yongere imbaraga za laser. Umwobo wa resonant ni ahantu imiterere ya photon (inshuro, icyiciro n'icyerekezo cy'imikorere) ihindurwa kugira ngo haboneke isoko y'urumuri rwiza binyuze mu kugenzura imihindagurikire ya photon mu mwobo.
(3)Gushyira mu byiciro isoko ya laser
Isoko ya laser ishobora gushyirwa mu byiciro hakurikijwe uburyo bwo gukuramo umusaruro, uburebure bw'umuvuduko, uburyo bwo gukora, n'uburyo bwo gupakira, nk'uko bikurikira:
① Gushyira mu byiciro hakurikijwe uburyo bwo gukusanya inyungu
Dukurikije uburyo butandukanye bwo gukuramo ibintu, lazeri zishobora kugabanywamo imiterere ikomeye (harimo iy’ibikomeye, semiconductor, fibre, hybrid), lazeri y’amazi, lazeri ya gaze, n’ibindi.
| LaserIsokoUbwoko | Gain Media | Ibiranga by'ingenzi |
| Isoko ya Laser ya Leta Ihamye | Ibinyabutabire, Ibikoresho bya semiconductor, Fiber Optique, Hybrid | Ituze ryiza, ingufu nyinshi, ikiguzi gito cyo kubungabunga, bibereye inganda |
| Isoko ya Laser y'amazi | Ibinyobwa bya shimi | Ubunini bw'uburebure bw'umuraba bushobora kugerwaho, ariko ingano nini kandi ihenze cyane mu kubungabunga |
| Isoko ya Lazeri ya Gazi | Imyuka | Isoko ry'urumuri rwa laser ry'ubuziranenge, ariko ingano yarwo ni nini kandi ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga kiri hejuru. |
| Isoko ya Laser ya Electron y'ubuntu | Umurabyo wa electron mu butaka runaka bwa rukuruzi | Ingufu nyinshi cyane n'umusaruro mwiza wa laser birashobora kugerwaho, ariko ikoranabuhanga ryo gukora n'ikiguzi cyo gukora kiri hejuru cyane. |
Bitewe n'uko ihamye, ingufu nyinshi n'igiciro gito cyo kuyibungabunga, gukoresha lasers za solid-state bigira akamaro kanini.
Muri laser za state solid, laser za semiconductor zifite ibyiza byo gukora neza cyane, kuba nto, kuramba, gukoresha ingufu nke, nibindi. Ku ruhande rumwe, zishobora gukoreshwa mu buryo butaziguye nk'isoko y'urumuri rw'ibanze n'inkunga mu gutunganya laser, mu buvuzi, mu itumanaho, mu kumva, mu kwerekana, mu kugenzura no mu kurinda, kandi zabaye ishingiro ry'ingenzi mu iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga rya laser rigezweho rifite akamaro mu iterambere ry'ingamba.
Ku rundi ruhande, laser za semiconductor zishobora kandi gukoreshwa nk'isoko y'urumuri rw'ibanze ku zindi laser nka laser za solid-state na fiber lasers, bigateza imbere cyane iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga ry'urwego rwose rwa laser. Ibihugu byose bikomeye byateye imbere ku isi byayishyize muri gahunda zabyo z'iterambere ry'igihugu, bitanga inkunga ikomeye kandi birushaho kwihuta mu iterambere.
② Dukurikije uburyo bwo gupompa
Imirasire ya laser ishobora kugabanywamo imirasire ikoresha amashanyarazi, imirasire ikoresha ikoranabuhanga, imirasire ikoresha imiti, nibindi. hakurikijwe uburyo bwo kuyikoresha.
Lazeri zikoreshwa n'amashanyarazi zivuga kuri lazeri ziterwa n'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi, lazeri ziterwa n'umwuka ziterwa n'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi, mu gihe lazeri zikoreshwa n'amashanyarazi ziterwa n'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi.
Hafi ya laser zose za solid state na laser liquid ni laser za optical pump, kandi laser za semiconductor zikoreshwa nk'isoko nyamukuru yo gupompa laser za optical pump.
Lazeri zikoreshwa mu gupompa imiti yerekeza kuri lazeri zikoresha ingufu zikomoka ku bikorwa bya shimi kugira ngo zishishikaze ibikoresho bikora.
③Gushyira mu byiciro hakurikijwe uburyo bwo gukora
Imashini zikoresha imirasire y'amashanyarazi zishobora kugabanywamo imashini zikoresha imirasire y'amashanyarazi ihoraho (continuous lasers) n'izikoresha imirasire y'amashanyarazi (pulsed lasers) hakurikijwe uburyo zikora.
Imashini zikora muri laser zihoraho zifite uburyo buhamye bwo gukwirakwiza umubare w'uduce kuri buri rwego rw'ingufu n'imirasire iri mu mwobo, kandi imikorere yazo irangwa no gukurura ibikoresho bikora hamwe n'umusaruro wa laser ujyanye na byo mu buryo buhoraho mu gihe kirekire. Imashini zikora muri laser zihoraho zishobora gusohora urumuri rwa laser mu buryo buhoraho igihe kirekire, ariko ingaruka z'ubushyuhe ziragaragara cyane.
Lazeri zikoresha umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi yerekeza ku gihe imbaraga za lazeri zigumana agaciro runaka, kandi zigatanga urumuri rwa lazeri mu buryo budahoraho, hamwe n'ibiranga by'ingenzi by'ubushyuhe buke n'ubushobozi bwo kugenzura neza.
④ Gushyira mu byiciro hakurikijwe uburebure bw'umuvuduko w'ingufu
Imirasire ishobora gushyirwa mu byiciro hakurikijwe uburebure bw'urumuri nka imirasire ya infrared, imirasire igaragara, imirasire ya ultraviolet, imirasire ya ultraviolet yimbitse, n'ibindi. Ingano y'urumuri rushobora kwinjizwa n'ibikoresho bitandukanye iratandukanye, bityo imirasire y'uburebure butandukanye irakenewe kugira ngo ibikoresho bitandukanye bitunganywe neza cyangwa mu bihe bitandukanye byo gukoreshwa.Laser za infrared na laser za UV nizo laser ebyiri zikoreshwa cyane. Laser za infrared zikoreshwa cyane cyane mu "gutunganya ubushyuhe", aho ibintu biri ku buso bw'ibikoresho bishyushywa kandi bigahinduka umwuka (bigahinduka umwuka) kugira ngo bikureho ibikoresho; mu gutunganya ibikoresho bitari ibyuma, gukata wafer ya semiconductor, gukata ikirahure cy'umwimerere, gucukura, gushyiraho ikimenyetso n'ibindi, ingufu nyinshi. Mu rwego rwo gutunganya ibikoresho bitari ibyuma, gukata wafer ya semiconductor, gukata ikirahure cy'umwimerere, gucukura, gushyiraho ikimenyetso, nibindi, photon nyinshi za UV zica burundu imigozi ya molekile ku buso bw'ibikoresho bitari ibyuma, kugira ngo molekile zibashe gutandukanywa n'ikintu, kandi ubu buryo ntibutanga ubwiyongere bw'ubushyuhe, bityo ubusanzwe bwitwa "gutunganya ibintu bikonje".
Kubera ingufu nyinshi za fotoni za UV, biragoye gukora laser runaka ikomeza UV ifite imbaraga nyinshi binyuze mu isoko ryo hanze rituma ibintu bishyuha, bityo laser ya UV muri rusange ikorwa no gukoresha uburyo bwa kristu bwo guhindura frequency idakoresha umurongo umwe, bityo urwego rw'inganda rwa laser za UV rukoreshwa cyane muri iki gihe ni laser za UV zo mu rwego rwo hejuru.
(4) Uruhererekane rw'inganda
Imbere y'uruhererekane rw'inganda ni ugukoresha ibikoresho fatizo bya semiconductor, ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hejuru n'ibindi bikoresho bifitanye isano no gukora ibikoresho bya laser n'ibikoresho bya optoelectronic, ari nabyo shingiro ry'inganda za laser kandi bifite urwego rwo hejuru rwo kugeramo. Hagati mu ruhererekane rw'inganda ni ugukoresha utubumbe twa laser two hejuru n'ibikoresho bya optoelectronic, modules, ibice by'urumuri, nibindi nk'isoko ry'ipompo yo gukora no kugurisha laser zitandukanye, harimo laser za semiconductor zitaziguye, laser za dioxyde de carbone, laser za solid-state, laser za fibre, nibindi; urwego rwo hasi ruvuga ahanini ahantu hakoreshwa laser zitandukanye, harimo ibikoresho byo gutunganya inganda, LIDAR, itumanaho ry'amaso, ubwiza bw'ubuvuzi n'izindi nganda zikoreshwa.
①Abatanga serivisi zo mu rwego rwo hejuru
Ibikoresho fatizo bikoreshwa mu bicuruzwa byo mu rwego rwo hejuru nka chips za laser za semiconductor, ibikoresho na modules ahanini ni ibikoresho bitandukanye bya chips, fibre n'ibice byakozwe mu mashini, harimo substrates, heat sinks, chemicals na housing sets. Gutunganya chips bisaba ubwiza n'imikorere myiza y'ibikoresho fatizo byo mu rwego rwo hejuru, cyane cyane bivuye ku batanga ibicuruzwa b'abanyamahanga, ariko urwego rw'aho ibintu biherereye ruriyongera buhoro buhoro, kandi buhoro buhoro bikagezwa ku buyobozi bwigenga. Imikorere y'ibikoresho fatizo by'ingenzi byo mu rwego rwo hejuru bigira ingaruka zitaziguye ku bwiza bwa chips za laser za semiconductor, hamwe no kunoza imikorere y'ibikoresho bitandukanye bya chips, kugira ngo kunoze imikorere y'ibicuruzwa by'inganda bigira uruhare rwiza mu kwamamaza.
②Uruhererekane rw'inganda zo hagati
Chip ya laser ya semiconductor ni isoko y'urumuri rw'ubwoko butandukanye bwa lasers mu gice cyo hagati cy'uruhererekane rw'inganda, kandi igira uruhare rwiza mu guteza imbere iterambere rya lasers zo hagati. Mu rwego rwa lasers zo hagati, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Ubudage n'izindi nganda zo mu mahanga nizo ziganje, ariko nyuma y'iterambere ryihuse ry'inganda za laser zo mu gihugu mu myaka ya vuba aha, isoko ry'urwego rw'inganda ryo hagati ryageze ku gusimbuza vuba imbere mu gihugu.
③Uruhererekane rw'inganda ruri hasi
Inganda zikora mu nganda zifite uruhare runini mu guteza imbere iterambere ry’inganda, bityo iterambere ry’inganda zikora mu nganda zikora mu nganda rizagira ingaruka zitaziguye ku isoko ry’inganda. Iterambere rihoraho ry’ubukungu bw’Ubushinwa no kuzamuka kw’amahirwe yo guhindura ubukungu byatumye habaho iterambere ryiza mu iterambere ry’inganda. Ubushinwa burimo kuva mu gihugu cy’inganda zikora mu nganda zigera ku kigo gikomeye cy’inganda, kandi imashini zikora mu nganda ...
2. imiterere y'iterambere ry'inganda za laser za semiconductor
Lazeri za semiconductor zifite ubushobozi bwo guhindura ingufu neza mu bwoko bwose bwa lazeri, ku ruhande rumwe, zishobora gukoreshwa nk'isoko nyamukuru ya pompe ya lazeri za fibre optique, lazeri za solid-state n'izindi lazeri za pompe optique. Ku rundi ruhande, hamwe n'iterambere rihoraho ry'ikoranabuhanga rya lazeri semiconductor mu bijyanye n'ubushobozi bw'ingufu, urumuri, ubuzima bwose, ubunini bw'ingufu nyinshi, igipimo cy'ihindagurika ry'ikirere, n'ibindi, lazeri za semiconductor zikoreshwa cyane mu gutunganya ibikoresho, ubuvuzi, itumanaho ry'amashusho, kumenya amashusho, kwirwanaho, n'ibindi. Nk'uko Laser Focus World ibivuga, inyungu yose ku isi ya lazeri za diode, ni ukuvuga lazeri za semiconductor na lazeri zitari za diode, ibarirwa muri miliyoni 18.480 z'amadolari mu 2021, aho lazeri za semiconductor zigira 43% by'amafaranga yose yinjira.
Nk’uko Laser Focus World ibivuga, isoko ry’isi rya laser ya semiconductor rizaba miliyoni 6.724 z’amadolari mu 2020, rizazamukaho 14.20% ugereranyije n’umwaka ushize. Bitewe n’iterambere ry’ubuhanga ku isi, kwiyongera k’ubukene bwa laser mu bikoresho bigezweho, ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga bikoreshwa n’abaguzi, ingufu nshya n’ibindi bikorwa, ndetse no gukomeza kwaguka kw’ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi, ibikoresho byo mu bwiza n’ibindi bikorwa bishya, laser ya semiconductor ishobora gukoreshwa nk’isoko ry’ipompo ya laser ya optique pump, kandi ingano y’isoko ryayo izakomeza gukomeza gukura neza. Ingano y’isoko ry’isi rya laser ya semiconductor mu 2021 ni miliyari 7.946 z’amadolari, igipimo cy’iterambere ry’isoko ni 18.18%.
Binyuze mu bikorwa by’impuguke mu bya tekiniki n’ibigo n’abakora, inganda za laser za semiconductor zo mu Bushinwa zageze ku iterambere ridasanzwe, ku buryo inganda za laser za semiconductor zo mu Bushinwa zabonye iyi gahunda kuva ku ntangiriro, ndetse n’intangiriro y’inganda za laser za semiconductor zo mu Bushinwa. Mu myaka ya vuba aha, Ubushinwa bwongereye iterambere ry’inganda za laser, kandi uturere dutandukanye twibanze ku bushakashatsi bwa siyansi, kunoza ikoranabuhanga, guteza imbere isoko no kubaka pariki z’inganda za laser ku buyobozi bwa guverinoma n’ubufatanye bw’ibigo bya laser.
3. Iterambere ry'inganda za laser zo mu Bushinwa mu gihe kizaza
Ugereranyije n'ibihugu byateye imbere mu Burayi na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, ikoranabuhanga rya laser mu Bushinwa ntiritinze, ariko mu ikoreshwa ry'ikoranabuhanga rya laser n'ikoranabuhanga ryo mu rwego rwo hejuru haracyari icyuho kinini, cyane cyane chip ya laser ya semiconductor n'ibindi bice by'ingenzi biracyashingiye ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga.
Ibihugu byateye imbere bihagarariwe na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Ubudage n'Ubuyapani byarangije gusimbuza ikoranabuhanga gakondo mu nganda zimwe na zimwe nini, binjira mu gihe cy' "inganda zikora umucyo"; nubwo iterambere ry'ikoreshwa rya laser mu Bushinwa ririhuta, ariko igipimo cyo kwinjira mu ikoreshwa kiracyari hasi. Nk'ikoranabuhanga ry'ingenzi mu kuvugurura inganda, inganda zikora laser zizakomeza kuba urwego rw'ingenzi rw'inkunga y'igihugu, kandi zikomeze kwagura uburyo zikoreshwa, kandi amaherezo ziteze imbere inganda zikora mu Bushinwa kugeza mu gihe cy' "inganda zikora umucyo". Ukurikije uko iterambere riri ubu, iterambere ry'inganda zikora laser mu Bushinwa rigaragaza intambwe zikurikira mu iterambere.
(1) Chip ya laser ya semiconductor n'ibindi bice by'ingenzi bigenda birushaho kubona aho ibintu biri
Fata urugero rwa fiber laser, isoko ya fibre laser ifite ingufu nyinshi ni igice cy’ingenzi gikoreshwa muri laser ya semiconductor, chip ya laser ya semiconductor ifite imbaraga nyinshi kandi module ni igice cy’ingenzi cya fiber laser. Mu myaka ya vuba aha, inganda za laser ya optique mu Bushinwa ziri mu cyiciro cy’iterambere ryihuse, kandi urwego rw’aho ziherereye ruri kwiyongera uko umwaka utashye.
Ku bijyanye no kwinjira ku isoko, ku isoko rya laser ya fiber ikoresha ingufu nke, isoko rya laser zo mu gihugu ryageze kuri 99.01% mu 2019; ku isoko rya laser ya fiber ikoresha ingufu ziciriritse, igipimo cyo kwinjira kwa laser zo mu gihugu cyagumye ku kigero kirenga 50% mu myaka yashize; inzira yo gushyira aho laser ya fiber ikoresha imbaraga nyinshi nayo iri gutera imbere buhoro buhoro, kuva mu 2013 kugeza 2019 kugira ngo igere "ku ntangiriro". Uburyo bwo gushyira aho laser ya fiber ikoresha imbaraga nyinshi nabwo buri gutera imbere buhoro buhoro, kuva mu 2013 kugeza 2019, kandi bugeze ku gipimo cyo kwinjira cya 55.56%, kandi igipimo cyo kwinjira kwa laser ya fiber ikoresha imbaraga nyinshi mu gihugu cyitezwe kuba 57.58% mu 2020.
Ariko, ibice by'ingenzi nka chips za laser za semiconductor zikomeye cyane biracyashingiye ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga, kandi ibice byo hejuru bya laser bifite chips za laser za semiconductor nk'inkingi bigenda bishyirwa mu mwanya wabyo, ibyo bikaba binongera isoko ry'ibice byo hejuru bya laser zo mu gihugu, kandi ku rundi ruhande, hamwe n'aho ibice byo hejuru bya laser biherereye, bishobora kunoza ubushobozi bw'abakora laser bo mu gihugu bwo kwitabira amarushanwa mpuzamahanga.
(2) Uburyo bwa laser bwinjira vuba kandi bwagutse
Bitewe n’uko ibice by’ingenzi by’ikoranabuhanga bigiye bishyirwa mu mwanya wabyo buhoro buhoro ndetse n’ibiciro byo gukoresha laser bigabanuka buhoro buhoro, lasers zizarushaho kwinjira mu nganda nyinshi.
Ku ruhande rumwe, mu Bushinwa, gutunganya imirasire ya laser nabyo biri mu bice icumi bya mbere bikoreshwa mu nganda z’Ubushinwa, kandi byitezwe ko ahantu hakoreshwa imirasire ya laser hazakomeza kwaguka kandi isoko rikarushaho kwaguka mu gihe kizaza. Ku rundi ruhande, hamwe no gukwirakwiza no guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga nko gukoresha umushoferi udafite umushoferi, sisitemu yo gutwara ikoresheje uburyo bwa kijyambere, robo ikoresha serivisi, ikoranabuhanga rya 3D, nibindi, bizakoreshwa cyane mu nzego nyinshi nko mu modoka, ubwenge bw’ubukorano, ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga bikoreshwa n’abaguzi, kumenya isura, itumanaho ry’amajwi n’ubushakashatsi ku kurinda igihugu. Nk’igikoresho cy’ingenzi cyangwa igice cy’ingenzi cy’ibikorwa bya laser byavuzwe haruguru, laser ya semiconductor izabona umwanya wo kwihutisha iterambere.
(3) Ingufu nyinshi, ubwiza bw'imirasire, uburebure bw'umurambararo bugufi n'iterambere ryihuse ry'icyerekezo cy'umurambararo
Mu rwego rwa lasers zo mu nganda, fiber lasers zateye imbere cyane mu bijyanye n'ingufu zisohoka, ubwiza bw'imirasire n'urumuri kuva zatangira gukoreshwa. Ariko, ingufu nyinshi zishobora kunoza umuvuduko wo gutunganya, kunoza ubwiza bw'imikorere, no kwagura urwego rwo gutunganya kugeza ku nganda zikomeye, mu nganda zikora imodoka, mu nganda zikora iby'indege, ingufu, imashini, ibyuma, ubwubatsi bw'ubwikorezi bwa gari ya moshi, ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi n'izindi nzego zikoreshwa mu gukata, gusudira, gutunganya ubuso, nibindi, ibisabwa ku ngufu za lasers bikomeje kwiyongera. Abakora ibikoresho bihuye bagomba gukomeza kunoza imikorere y'ibikoresho by'ingenzi (nk'imashini zikora lasers zikora ingufu nyinshi na fibers nyinshi), kongera ingufu za lasers bisaba ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo guhindura laser nko guhuza imirasire no guhuza ingufu, bizazana ibisabwa bishya n'imbogamizi ku bakora chips zikora lasers zikora ingufu nyinshi. Byongeye kandi, uburebure bw'imirasire bugufi, uburebure bw'imirasire bwinshi, iterambere ryihuse (ultrafast) nabyo ni icyerekezo cy'ingenzi, ahanini bikoreshwa mu tumashini duto two mu kirere, ecran, ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga, ikirere n'ibindi bikoresho bito byo gutunganya neza, ndetse no mu bumenyi bw'ubuzima, ubuvuzi, kumva n'ibindi, chips zikora lasers zikora semiconductor nazo zatanze ibisabwa bishya.
(4) kugira ngo habeho iterambere ryinshi ku bice bya laser optoelectronic bifite imbaraga nyinshi, hakenewe iterambere rirambye.
Iterambere n'iterambere ry'inganda za laser ifite ingufu nyinshi ni umusaruro w'iterambere ry'inganda, risaba inkunga y'ibice by'ingenzi bya optoelectronic nka pompe source, isolator, beam concentrator, nibindi. Ibice bya optoelectronic bikoreshwa muri laser ifite ingufu nyinshi ni byo shingiro n'ibice by'ingenzi by'iterambere n'umusaruro wayo, kandi isoko ryagutse rya laser ifite ingufu nyinshi rinatuma isoko rikenera ibice by'ingenzi nka semiconductor laser chips. Muri icyo gihe, hamwe no kunoza ikoranabuhanga rya fiber laser yo mu gihugu, gusimbuza ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga byabaye ikintu kidasubirwaho, umugabane w'isoko rya laser ku isi uzakomeza gutera imbere, ibyo bikaba binazana amahirwe menshi ku mbaraga z'abakora ibikoresho bya optoelectronic mu gace batuyemo.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-07-2023
