Nkumutwara wibindi bice byimodoka, tekinoroji yo gukora yumubiri wimodoka igena neza ubwiza bwimodoka. Mubikorwa byo gukora umubiri wimodoka, gusudira ninzira yingenzi yo gukora. Ikoranabuhanga ryo gusudira muri iki gihe rikoreshwa mu gusudira mu modoka ahanini ririmo gusudira ahantu hashobora kwihanganira, gusudira inert ya gaz yashizwemo gusudira (MIG welding) hamwe na gaze ikora ya gaz ikingira arc welding (MAG welding) kimwe no gusudira laser.
Nka tekinoroji yateye imbere yo gusudira hamwe na optique-yubukanishi, tekinoroji yo gusudira ya laser ifite ibyiza byo gukomera kwingufu nyinshi, umuvuduko wo gusudira byihuse, guhangayikishwa no gusudira hasi, no guhinduka neza ugereranije nubuhanga gakondo bwo gusudira bwimodoka.
Imiterere yumubiri wimodoka iragoye, kandi ibice byumubiri ahanini ni uruzitiro ruto kandi rugoramye. Imodoka yo gusudira yimodoka ihura ningorane zo gusudira nko gutandukana mubikoresho byumubiri, ubunini butandukanye bwibice byumubiri, inzira zitandukanye zo gusudira hamwe nuburyo bufatanije. Byongeye kandi, gusudira kumodoka kumodoka bifite ibisabwa byinshi kubijyanye no gusudira no gukora neza.
Ukurikije ibipimo byo gusudira bikwiye, gusudira laser birashobora gutuma imbaraga zumunaniro mwinshi hamwe ningaruka zikomeye zingingo zingenzi zumubiri wimodoka mugihe cyo gusudira, bityo bigatuma ubuzima bwiza na serivisi byubuzima bwo gusudira. Tekinoroji yo gusudira ya Laser irashobora guhuza nogusudira ibice byimibiri yimodoka hamwe nuburyo butandukanye, ubunini butandukanye nubwoko butandukanye bwibintu, byujuje ibisabwa kugirango bihindurwe mubikorwa byimodoka. Kubwibyo, tekinoroji yo gusudira ya laser nuburyo bukomeye bwa tekiniki kugirango tugere ku iterambere ryiza ry’inganda zitwara ibinyabiziga.
Uburyo bwo gusudira Laser kumubiri wimodoka
Ihame rya lazeri yimbitse yo gusudira: Iyo ubucucike bwa laser bugeze kurwego runaka, ubuso bwibintu buguruka, bityo bigakora urufunguzo. Iyo umuvuduko wibyuma byimbere mumwobo ugeze kuringaniza imbaraga hamwe numuvuduko uhagaze hamwe nubushyuhe bwubuso bwamazi akikije, lazeri irashobora kurasa ikoresheje urufunguzo kugeza munsi yumwobo, kandi hamwe nogukoresha urumuri rwa lazeri, gusudira bikomeza ni yashizweho. Muri lazeri yimbitse yo gusudira, ntampamvu yo kongeramo flux cyangwa uwuzuza kugirango asudire ibikoresho byakazi wenyine.
Ubudodo bwo gusudira bwabonywe na laser deep fusion welding muri rusange biroroshye kandi bigororotse hamwe no guhindura ibintu bito, bifasha kunoza imikorere yimikorere yumubiri wimodoka. Imbaraga zingana za weld ni nyinshi, zitanga ubuziranenge bwo gusudira kumubiri wimodoka. Umuvuduko wo gusudira urihuta, ufasha kunoza umusaruro wo gusudira.
Muburyo bwo gusudira kumubiri, gukoresha uburyo bwo gusudira bwa laser byimbitse birashobora kugabanya cyane umubare wibice, ibumba hamwe nigikoresho cyo gusudira, bityo bikagabanya uburemere bupfuye bwumubiri nigiciro cyumusaruro. Nyamara, uburyo bwo gusudira bwa laser bwimbitse ntibushobora kwihanganira icyuho cyo guteranya ibice bigomba gusudwa, kandi icyuho cyo guterana kigomba kugenzurwa hagati ya 0.05 na mm 2. Niba icyuho cyo guterana ari kinini cyane, gusudira inenge nka porosity bizabaho.
Ubushakashatsi bugezweho bwerekana ko mumodoka yo gusudira kumubiri wibikoresho bimwe, mugutezimbere ibipimo byimikorere ya laser deep-fusion welding, birashoboka kubona weld ifite imiterere myiza yubuso, inenge nke zimbere hamwe nibikoresho byiza bya mehaniki. Ibikoresho byiza bya mashini ya weld birashobora kuba byujuje ibisabwa kugirango ukoreshe umubiri wimodoka. Nyamara, mumodoka yo gusudira, aluminium alloy-ibyuma nkuhagarariye ibyuma bya heterogeneous metal laser yimbitse yo gusudira ntabwo ikuze, nubwo wongeyeho urwego rwinzibacyuho rushobora kubona imikorere myiza yo gusudira, ariko ibikoresho bitandukanye byinzibacyuho kuri Imikorere ya IMC igira ingaruka n'ingaruka zayo kuri mikoro ya mikoro yo gusudira ntabwo isobanutse, ikeneye ubushakashatsi bwimbitse.
Imodoka Yumubiri Laser Wire Yuzuza Igikorwa cyo gusudira
Igikorwa cyo gusudira cya lazeri gishingiye ku ihame rikurikira: Igice cyo gusudira gikozwe mbere yo kuzuza isuderi insinga runaka cyangwa kugaburira icyarimwe icyarimwe mugihe cyo gusudira laser. Ibyo bihwanye no kugaburira hafi ya homogeneous ibikoresho byinsinga muri pisine mugihe cyo gusudira laser. Igishushanyo gikurikira kirerekana uburyo bwo gusudira laser.
Ugereranije no gusudira byimbitse ya laser, gusudira laser byuzuza bifite ibyiza bibiri mugusudira kumubiri wimodoka: icya mbere, birashobora kunoza cyane kwihanganira ikinyuranyo cyiteranirizo hagati yimibiri yimodoka igomba gusudwa no gukemura ikibazo cyibyuho byinshi bisabwa kugirango gusudira byimbitse. ; icya kabiri, irashobora kunoza ikwirakwizwa ryimyenda mugace ka weld ukoresheje insinga zirimo ibintu bitandukanye bigize ibice, hanyuma bikagenga imikorere yo gusudira.
Mubikorwa byo gukora umubiri wimodoka, inzira yo gusudira laser yuzuza cyane cyane gusudira aluminiyumu hamwe nibyuma byumubiri. Cyane cyane mugikorwa cyo gusudira ibice bya aluminiyumu yumubiri wimodoka, uburemere bwubuso bwa pisine yashongeshejwe ni buto, bushobora gutuma byoroshye gusenyuka kwa pisine yashonze, mugihe gahunda yo gusudira laser yuzuza irashobora gukemura neza ikibazo cyo gusenyuka kwa pisine yashonze binyuze mu gushonga insinga mugikorwa cyo gusudira laser.
Automotive body laser brazing process
Inzira yo gushakisha laser ishingiye ku ihame rikurikira: Gukoresha lazeri nkisoko yubushyuhe, urumuri rwa lazeri rwibanze kandi rushyirwa hejuru hejuru yinsinga, insinga irashonga, insinga zashonze ziramanuka zuzura igihangano cyo gusudira, n'ingaruka za metallurgjiya nko gushonga no gukwirakwizwa bibaho hagati yibikoresho byo gutwika hamwe nakazi, bityo ugahuza umurimo. Bitandukanye na lazeri yuzuza uburyo bwo gusudira, inzira yo gushakisha laser yashonga gusa insinga ntabwo ari igihangano cyo gusudira. Gukoresha Laser bifite isuku nziza yo gusudira, ariko imbaraga zingana za weld zavuyemo ni nke. Igishushanyo cya 3 cyerekana ikoreshwa rya laser yo gushakisha uburyo bwo gutwara imizigo yimodoka
Muburyo bwo gusudira kumodoka, uburyo bwo guswera laser bukoreshwa cyane cyane mu gusudira ibice byumubiri bidasaba imbaraga zifatanije, nko gusudira hagati yumupfundikizo wo hejuru no kuruhande, gusudira hagati yigice cyo hejuru no hepfo yumuzigo. Igipfukisho c'ibice, nibindi. Igifuniko cyo hejuru cya VW, Audi hamwe nizindi moderi ziciriritse kandi zohejuru zose zikoresha uburyo bwo gushakisha laser.
Inenge nyamukuru zifatanije na laser zifatanije numubiri wimodoka zirimo guhekenya inkombe, porosity, guhindagurika kwa weld, nibindi, kandi inenge irashobora guhagarikwa cyane muguhuza ibipimo byogukoresha no gukoresha inzira yibikoresho byinshi.
Imodoka yumubiri laser-arc igizwe no gusudira
Ihame rya laser-arc compte yo gusudira nuburyo bukurikira: amasoko abiri yubushyuhe, laser na arc, bikoreshwa mugukorera icyarimwe gukora hejuru yumurimo wogusudira, kandi igihangano kirashonga kandi kigakomera kugirango kibe icyuma gisudira. Igishushanyo gikurikira kirerekana uburyo bwo gusudira laser-arc.
Gusudira Laser-arc guhuza gusudira bihuza ibyiza byo gusudira lazeri hamwe no gusudira arc: icya mbere, munsi yigikorwa cyamasoko abiri yubushyuhe, umuvuduko wo gusudira urashobora kwiyongera, kwinjiza ubushyuhe biba bito, guhinduranya gusudira ni bito, bikomeza ibiranga gusudira laser ; icya kabiri, ubushobozi bwo gukemura neza, kwihanganira icyuho cyo guterana ni byinshi; icya gatatu, umuvuduko wo gukomera kwa pisine yashongeshejwe ugenda gahoro, ibyo bikaba bifasha kurandura imyenge, ibice ndetse nizindi nenge zo gusudira, kunoza imitunganyirize n’imikorere ya zone yibasiwe nubushyuhe Icya kane, kubera arc, irashobora gusudira ibikoresho bifite imbaraga nyinshi kandi byerekana ubushyuhe bwinshi, hamwe nibikoresho byinshi byakoreshejwe.
Mubikorwa byo gukora umubiri wimodoka, laser - arc compite yo gusudira cyane cyane gusudira umubiri wa aluminiyumu yumubiri hamwe na aluminiyumu - ibyuma bidasa nicyuma, kugirango icyuho cyo guteranya ibice binini byo gusudira, nkumuryango wimodoka igice cyaho giherereye gusudira, ibi ni ukubera ko icyuho cyo guterana gifasha laser - arc composite welding ikiraro imikorere. Hiyongereyeho, tekinoroji ya laser-MIG arc igizwe no gusudira ikoreshwa no kumurongo wigisenge cyuruhande rwumubiri wa Audi.
Muburyo bwo gusudira kumodoka, gusudira laser-arc compite yo gusudira ifite ibyiza byo kwihanganira icyuho kinini ugereranije no gusudira lazeri imwe, icyakora, gusudira laser-arc bisaba gusuzumwa byimazeyo aho ugereranije na laser na arc, ibipimo byo gusudira laser, arc ibipimo nibindi bintu. Imyitwarire yo guhererekanya ubushyuhe hamwe na misa yuburyo bwo gusudira laser-arc biragoye, cyane cyane kugenzura ingufu zo gusudira ibintu bitavanze hamwe nuburyo bwo kubyimba kwa IMC no kugenzura imyenda biracyasobanutse kandi bisaba ko hakomeza gushimangirwa ubushakashatsi.
Ibindi bikoresho byimodoka laser yo gusudira
Lazeri yimbitse yo gusudira, gusudira laser kuzuza, guswera laser hamwe na laser-arc igizwe no gusudira hamwe nubundi buryo bwo gusudira bifite ibitekerezo bikuze kandi byinshi mubikorwa bifatika. Mugihe inganda zikoresha amamodoka zisabwa kugirango imikorere yo gusudira yumubiri yiyongere kandi icyifuzo cyo gusudira ibikoresho bidasa ninganda zoroheje ziyongera, gusudira lazeri, gusudira lazeri, gusudira lazeri nyinshi hamwe no gusudira indege ya laser.
Inzira yo gusudira
Gusudira kwa Laser ni tekinoroji yateye imbere yo gusudira hamwe nibyiza bidasanzwe byumuvuduko wo gusudira byihuse kandi byukuri byo gusudira. Ihame ryibanze ryo gusudira laser ni ugushira urumuri rwa lazeri kumurongo wigice cyo gusudira, kugirango icyuma icyo gihe gishonga ako kanya, kandi muguhindura ubucucike bwa laser kugirango ugere kubudodo bwumuriro cyangwa gusudira cyane, iyo urumuri rwa lazeri ruhagaritse gukora, ibyuma byamazi bigaruka, bigakomera kandi bigakora ingingo.
Hariho uburyo bubiri bwingenzi bwo gusudira lazeri: guswera laser spot gusudira no gukomeza gusudira laser. Urumuri rwa lazeri mu gusudira kwa lazeri rufite imbaraga zo hejuru, ariko igihe cyibikorwa ni gito, kandi muri rusange gikoreshwa mu gusudira ibyuma byoroheje nka magnesium alloys na aluminiyumu. Muburyo bwo gusudira bwa lazeri ikomeza, urumuri rwa lazeri rufite imbaraga zingana zingana nigihe kinini cyibikorwa bya laser, kandi ahanini bikoreshwa mugusudira ibyuma.
Mu gusudira kwimodoka, ugereranije no gusudira aho gusudira, gusudira lazeri bifite ibyiza byo kudahuza no kwishushanya byonyine byo gusudira, bishobora guhaza icyifuzo cyo gusudira ubuziranenge murwego rwo hejuru rwibikoresho bitandukanye byimodoka.
Inzira yo gusudira ya Laser
Gusudira Laser oscillation nubuhanga bushya bwo gusudira laser bwatanzwe mumyaka yashize kandi bwitabiriwe cyane. Ihame ry'ikoranabuhanga ni ukugera ku buryo bwihuse, butondekanye kandi buto bwo kunyeganyeza urumuri rwa lazeri uhuza indorerwamo ihindagurika mu mutwe wo gusudira laser, bityo ukagera ku ngaruka zo gukurura urumuri mugihe ugenda utera imbere mugihe cyo gusudira laser.
Inzira nyamukuru yinyeganyeza muri gahunda yo gusudira ya laser oscillation harimo: ihindagurika rihindagurika, ihindagurika rirerire, ihindagurika ryizunguruka hamwe no kunyeganyega kutagira umupaka. Igikorwa cyo gusudira cya laser oscillation gifite ibyiza byingenzi mugusudira kumubiri wimodoka, kuko imiterere yimigezi ya pisine yashonze ihindurwa cyane no kunyeganyega kumirasire ya laser, bityo rero inzira irashobora gukuraho inenge zidakoreshejwe, kugera kunonosora ingano no guhagarika ubukana mugusudira kwa umubiri umwe wimodoka, kandi utezimbere ibibazo byo kuvanga bidahagije ibikoresho bitandukanye hamwe nubukanishi bubi bwimyenda yo gusudira mugusudira ibikoresho byimodoka bidasa.
Inzira yo gusudira ya Multi-laser
Kugeza ubu, fibre ya fibre irashobora gukoreshwa kugirango igabanye urumuri rumwe rwa lazeri mumirongo myinshi ya laser ukoresheje module igabanya ibiti yashyizwe mumutwe wo gusudira. Gusudira Multi-laser beam bihwanye no gukoresha amasoko menshi yubushyuhe mugikorwa cyo gusudira. Muguhindura ikwirakwizwa ryingufu zumurongo, imirishyo itandukanye irashobora kugera kubikorwa bitandukanye, nka: urumuri rufite ingufu nyinshi nirwo rumuri nyamukuru, rushinzwe gusudira cyane; sub-beam ifite ingufu nkeya irashobora kweza no gushyushya hejuru yibintu no kongera kwinjiza ingufu za laser beam nibikoresho.
Uburyo bwo gusudira bwa lazeri nyinshi burashobora kunoza imyitwarire yumwuka wumuyaga wa zinc hamwe nimyitwarire yingirakamaro ya pisine yashonze mugihe cyo gusudira amabati yicyuma, kunoza ikibazo cyo gutatana no kongera imbaraga zingutu zicyuma.
Inzira yo gusudira Laser
Ubuhanga bwo gusudira indege ya Laser nubuhanga bushya bwo gusudira bwa laser hamwe nubuhanga bwo gusudira cyane hamwe nigishushanyo mbonera cyogusudira. Ihame ryibanze ryo gusudira indege ya laser ni uko mugihe urumuri rwa lazeri rwabaye kumirorerwamo ya X na Y yindorerwamo ya scanning, inguni yindorerwamo igenzurwa binyuze muri progaramu yigenga kugirango igere kumurongo wa lazeri muburyo ubwo aribwo bwose.
Ubusanzwe, gusudira lazeri yumubiri wimodoka ahanini bishingiye kuri robot yo gusudira kugirango itware laser yo gusudira umutwe kugirango uhuze kugirango ugere ku ngaruka zo gusudira. Nyamara, gusubiramo kwisubiramo kwimashini ya robo yo gusudira bigabanya cyane imikorere yimodoka yo gusudira kubera ubwinshi bwabasudira hamwe nuburebure burebure. Ibinyuranyo, gusudira indege ya laser birashobora kugerwaho murwego runaka muguhindura gusa inguni yerekana. Kubwibyo, laser yindege yo gusudira irashobora kunoza cyane imikorere yo gusudira kandi ifite ibyifuzo byinshi.
Incamake
Hamwe niterambere ryinganda zitwara ibinyabiziga, ejo hazaza h’ikoranabuhanga ryo gusudira umubiri rizakomeza gutera imbere muburyo bwo gusudira ndetse nikoranabuhanga ryubwenge.
Umubiri wimodoka, cyane cyane umubiri mushya wimodoka, uratera imbere mubyerekezo byuburemere bworoshye. Amavuta yoroheje, ibikoresho byinshi hamwe nibikoresho bitandukanye bizakoreshwa cyane mumubiri wimodoka, uburyo busanzwe bwo gusudira lazeri biragoye kubahiriza ibisabwa byo gusudira, bityo rero uburyo bwiza bwo gusudira bufite ireme kandi bunoze buzahinduka inzira yiterambere.
Mu myaka yashize, uburyo bwo gusudira bwa laser bugaragara, nko gusudira laser swing, gusudira lazeri nyinshi, gusudira indege ya laser, nibindi, byabaye muburyo bwiza bwo gusudira no gusudira neza mubushakashatsi bwambere bwubushakashatsi hamwe nubushakashatsi bwakozwe. Igihe kizaza gikeneye kuba uburyo bwo gusudira bwa laser hamwe nibikoresho byoroheje byimodoka, ibikoresho byo gusudira hamwe nibindi bintu byahujwe cyane, igishushanyo mbonera cya laser beam swing trayectory, uburyo bwo gukoresha ingufu za lazeri nyinshi hamwe nuburyo bwo gusudira neza hamwe nibindi bice bya in- ubushakashatsi bwimbitse kugirango ushakishe inzira ikuze yimodoka yoroheje yo gusudira.
Imashini yumubiri wa laser yo gusudira irimo kwinjizwa cyane nubuhanga bwubwenge, igihe nyacyo cyo kumva imiterere yimodoka ya laser yo gusudira hamwe no kugenzura ibitekerezo byibikorwa bifite uruhare rukomeye muburyo bwo gusudira. Ubuhanga bwubuhanga bwa laser bwo gusudira bukoreshwa cyane cyane mugutegura mbere yo gusudira igenamigambi no gukurikirana no kugenzura ubuziranenge nyuma yo gusudira. Ubushakashatsi bwo mu gihugu ndetse n’amahanga mu gutahura inenge zo gusudira no kugenzura imiterere y’ibihe biracyari mu ntangiriro, kandi uburyo bwo gusudira bwa laser bwo gukoresha uburyo bwo kugenzura imiterere yo kurwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere ntabwo bwakoreshejwe mu gukora umubiri w’imodoka.
Kubwibyo, kugirango ushyire mu bikorwa tekinoroji yo gusudira ya laser mu buryo bwo gusudira umubiri w’imodoka, ejo hazaza hagomba gutezwa imbere hifashishijwe ibyuma byinshi byifashishwa mu bikoresho byifashishwa mu rwego rwo hejuru byifashishwa na sisitemu yo kugenzura imashini yihuta kugira ngo harebwe niba gusudira laser tekinoroji yubwenge mugihe nyacyo kandi cyukuri kuri buri murongo, binyuze muri "igenamigambi rya pre-welding trayectory - ibipimo byo gusudira ibipimo byo guhuza n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere nyuma yo gusudira ubuziranenge kuri interineti", kugira ngo bitangwe neza kandi neza.
Isosiyete ikora ibyuma bya Maven laser yibanda ku nganda za laser mu myaka 14, tuzobereye mu gusudira laser, dufite imashini yo gusudira ya robotic arm laser imashini, Imashini yo gusudira ya Tablet Automatic Laser, imashini yo gusudira ya Handheld Laser, hiyongereyeho, dufite imashini yo gusudira laser, imashini ikata laser na lazeri yerekana imashini ishushanya, dufite ibibazo byinshi byo gusudira laser, niba ubishaka ushobora guhora utwandikira.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-09-2022
