Ikoreshwa rya Laser yongeyeho (AM) tekinoroji, hamwe nibyiza byayo byo gukora neza, guhindagurika gukomeye, no kurwego rwo hejuru rwo gukoresha, bikoreshwa cyane mugukora ibice byingenzi mubice nkimodoka, ubuvuzi, ikirere, nibindi (nka roketi) lisansi ya lisansi, antenne ya satelite, gushiramo abantu, nibindi). Iri koranabuhanga rirashobora kunoza cyane imikorere yimikorere yibice byacapwe binyuze mubikorwa byo guhuza ibikoresho nibikorwa. Kugeza ubu, tekinoroji yo kongera ibikoresho bya laser muri rusange ikoresha urumuri rwibanze rwa Gaussiya hamwe na centre ndende kandi ikwirakwiza ingufu nke. Nyamara, akenshi itanga ubushyuhe bwinshi bwumuriro mugushonga, biganisha kumurongo wanyuma hamwe nintete zoroshye. Ikoreshwa rya tekinoroji nuburyo bushya bwo gukemura iki kibazo, butezimbere icapiro ryiza nubuziranenge muguhindura ikwirakwizwa ryingufu za laser.
Ugereranije no gukuramo gakondo hamwe ninganda zingana, tekinoroji yinyongera yinganda ikora ifite ibyiza nkigihe gito cyigihe cyo gukora, gutunganya neza neza, gukoresha ibikoresho byinshi, hamwe nibikorwa byiza muri rusange. Kubwibyo, ikoranabuhanga ryongera ibyuma bikoreshwa cyane mu nganda nko mu kirere, intwaro n'ibikoresho, ingufu za kirimbuzi, ibinyabuzima, n'ibinyabiziga. Ukurikije ihame ryo gutondekanya ibintu, gukora ibyuma byongeramo ibyuma bifashisha isoko yingufu (nka lazeri, arc, cyangwa urumuri rwa electron) kugirango ushonge ifu cyangwa insinga, hanyuma ubishyire hamwe kumurongo kugirango bikore intego. Iri koranabuhanga rifite ibyiza byingenzi mugukora uduce duto, imiterere igoye, cyangwa ibice byihariye. Ibikoresho bidashobora kuba cyangwa bigoye gutunganywa ukoresheje tekinoroji gakondo nabyo birakwiriye kwitegura ukoresheje uburyo bwo gukora inyongeramusaruro. Bitewe ninyungu zavuzwe haruguru, tekinoroji yinyongera yinganda yakwegereye cyane intiti haba mugihugu ndetse no mumahanga. Mu myaka mike ishize, tekinoroji yinganda ziyongera zateye imbere byihuse. Bitewe no gukoresha no guhinduranya ibikoresho byongera ibikoresho bya lazeri, hamwe nibyiza byuzuye byingufu nyinshi za laser hamwe nuburyo bwo gutunganya neza, tekinoroji yo kongera ibikoresho bya lazeri yateje imbere byihuse muri tekinoloji eshatu zikora ibyuma byongera ibicuruzwa byavuzwe haruguru.
Tekinoroji yo gukora ibyuma byongera ibyuma birashobora kugabanywa muri LPBF na DED. Igishushanyo 1 kirerekana igishushanyo mbonera gisanzwe cya LPBF na DED. Inzira ya LPBF, izwi kandi ku izina rya Selective Laser Melting (SLM), irashobora gukora ibyuma bigoye mu gusikana imirasire y’ingufu zifite ingufu nyinshi mu nzira ihamye hejuru yigitanda cyifu. Hanyuma, ifu irashonga kandi igakomera kumurongo. Inzira ya DED ikubiyemo ahanini uburyo bubiri bwo gucapa: gushiramo laser gushiramo no kugaburira insinga za laser. Izi tekinoroji zombi zirashobora gukora no gusana ibice byicyuma mugihe kimwe cyo kugaburira ifu yicyuma cyangwa insinga. Ugereranije na LPBF, DED ifite umusaruro mwinshi hamwe n’ahantu hanini ho gukora. Mubyongeyeho, ubu buryo burashobora kandi gutegura byoroshye ibikoresho bikomatanyije hamwe nibikoresho byakozwe neza. Nyamara, ubwiza bwubuso bwibice byacapwe na DED burigihe burakennye, kandi gutunganya birakenewe kugirango tunonosore neza ibipimo bigenewe intego.
Muri ubu buryo bwo kongera ibikoresho bya laser, urumuri rwibanze rwa Gaussiya ni isoko yingufu. Nyamara, kubera gukwirakwiza imbaraga zidasanzwe (hagati, hejuru) Igisubizo muburyo bubi bwo gukora ubuziranenge bwibice byacapwe. Byongeye kandi, niba ubushyuhe bwo hagati bwikidendezi gishongeshejwe ni hejuru cyane, bizatera icyuma cyo hasi cyo gushonga ibyuma byuka, bikarushaho gukaza umurego mubikorwa bya LBPF. Kubwibyo, hamwe no kwiyongera kwinshi, imiterere yubukanishi nubuzima bwumunaniro wibice byacapwe bigabanuka cyane. Ikwirakwizwa ryingufu zingana kumirasire ya Gaussiya naryo ritera gukoresha ingufu za lazeri nkeya no gukoresha ingufu nyinshi. Kugirango tugere ku bwiza bwo gucapa neza, intiti zatangiye gushakisha uburyo bwo kwishyura inenge z’ibiti bya Gaussiya zihindura ibipimo ngenderwaho nkimbaraga za laser, umuvuduko wo gusikana, umubyimba w’ifu, hamwe n’ingamba zo gusikana, hagamijwe kugenzura niba hashobora kwinjizwa ingufu. Bitewe nuburyo buto bwo gutunganya idirishya ryubu buryo, imipaka igaragara igabanya amahirwe yo gukomeza gukora neza. Kurugero, kongera ingufu za lazeri no kwihuta gusikana birashobora kugera kubikorwa byiza byo gukora, ariko akenshi biza kubiciro byo kwigomwa ubuziranenge bwo gucapa. Mu myaka yashize, guhindura ingufu za lazeri binyuze muburyo bwo gushiraho ibiti birashobora kuzamura imikorere yinganda no gucapa neza, bishobora guhinduka icyerekezo cyiterambere cyiterambere rya tekinoroji yinyongera. Ikoreshwa rya tekinoroji ya tekinoroji muri rusange risobanura guhindura umurongo wo gukwirakwiza urumuri rwinjira kugirango ubone ubukana bwifuzwa no gukwirakwiza ibiranga. Ikoreshwa rya tekinoroji yo gushiraho ibiti mu buhanga bwo kongera ibyuma byerekanwa mu gishushanyo cya 2.
Gukoresha tekinoroji yo gushiraho ibiti mu gukora inyongeramusaruro
Inenge zo gucapa ibiti gakondo bya Gaussiya
Mu buhanga bwo kongera ibyuma bya laser, gukwirakwiza ingufu za lazeri bigira ingaruka zikomeye kumiterere yibice byacapwe. Nubwo ibiti bya Gaussiya byakoreshejwe cyane mubikoresho byo gukora ibyuma byongera ibyuma bya laser, bahura nibibazo bikomeye nkubwiza bwo gucapa butajegajega, gukoresha ingufu nke, hamwe nidirishya rito mugikorwa cyo kongera inyongeramusaruro. Muri byo, uburyo bwo gushonga bwifu ninguvu za pisine yashongeshejwe mugihe cyo kongeramo ibyuma bya laser bifitanye isano rya bugufi nubunini bwurwego rwifu. Bitewe no kuba hari ifu yamenetse hamwe nisuri yisuri, ubunini nyabwo bwurwego rwifu rwinshi burenze ibyateganijwe. Icya kabiri, inkingi ya parike yateje indege nyamukuru isubira inyuma. Umwuka w'icyuma uhura n'urukuta rw'inyuma kugira ngo habeho uduce, dusukwa ku rukuta rw'imbere perpendicular yerekeza ahantu hacuramye muri pisine yashonze (nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 3). Bitewe n'imikoranire igoye hagati ya lazeri ya lazeri na splashes, gusohora gusohora birashobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye kumacapiro yubwoko bwifu ya nyuma. Mubyongeyeho, gushiraho urufunguzo muri pisine yashonga nabyo bigira ingaruka zikomeye kumiterere yibice byacapwe. Imyobo yimbere yibice byacapwe iterwa ahanini no gufunga umwobo udahungabana.
Uburyo bwo gushiraho inenge muburyo bwa tekinoroji yo gushiraho ibiti
Tekinoroji yo gushiraho ibiti irashobora kugera kubikorwa byiterambere icyarimwe icyarimwe, itandukanye nibiti bya Gaussia bitezimbere imikorere murwego rumwe ku giciro cyo kwigomwa izindi nzego. Ikoreshwa rya tekinoroji irashobora guhindura neza ikwirakwizwa ryubushyuhe nibiranga pisine yashonga. Mugenzura ikwirakwizwa ryingufu za lazeri, ikigereranyo gisanzwe gishongeshejwe hamwe nubushyuhe buke buraboneka. Gukwirakwiza ingufu za lazeri zikwiye ni ingirakamaro mu guhashya inenge no gusohora inenge, no kuzamura ubwiza bwo gucapa lazeri ku bice by'ibyuma. Irashobora kugera kubintu bitandukanye muburyo bwiza bwo gukora no gukoresha ifu. Muri icyo gihe, tekinoroji yo gushiraho ibiti iduha ingamba nyinshi zo gutunganya, ikabohora cyane ubwisanzure bwo gutunganya ibintu, iyo ikaba ari iterambere ry’impinduramatwara mu ikoranabuhanga ryongera laser.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-28-2024
